Credit crunch Essay

The credit crunch which is otherwise called a credit emergency, account crunch or credit press is best portrayed as a condition that makes venture capital hard or hard to acquire. It is the unexpected decrease in the accessibility of credit and advances or the sudden fixing of advance getting conditions by money related establishments. Consequently credit crunch is by and large connected with decreased credit accessibility despite the fact that it may be free of loan costs increment. During this period financial specialists and moneylenders look for speculations that they consider to be less unsafe and make trip to quality. This is as a rule to the detriment and inconvenience of medium and little measured business endeavors. The cost of obligation and obligation items is consequently determined up by the attentiveness of the banks and speculators to loan cash to organizations. The credit crunch condition is generally considered as an item or an augmentation of downturns. What causes credit crunch The unexpected attentiveness of banks and different financial specialists to loan to organizations might be the consequence of an assortment of reasons. As a matter of first importance the moderate loaning action could be as a result of the focal government forcing or compelling direct credit controls on banks and the financial framework all in all. It could likewise be the result of banks expectation decrease with respect to the guarantee esteem utilized they used to make sure about their advances. Also it could be an aftereffect of a sudden raise available for later necessities or other fiscal conditions by the national bank. Besides saw increment in dangers concerning the dissolvability of loaning foundations inside the arrangement of banking could likewise cause a stoppage in loaning action. Credit crunches could likewise be the impact of supported times of imprudent loaning that therefore prompts misfortunes and colossal awful obligations for speculators. The foundations are then compelled to respond by raising loan fees and diminishing credits that can be made accessible for loaning purposes. In view of the misfortunes that these foundations and financial specialists had before brought about it turns out to be difficult for them to loan farther than the fixed levels regardless of whether they wished to do as such. The crunch can likewise be for the most part because of a decrease in the costs or estimation of advantages that had been beforehand over swelled. The value breakdown at that point generously prompts a money related emergency. Subsequently new business people or financial specialists in the market might be compelled to abandonment or insolvency as the estimations of the benefits that had been recently expanded go down. In case of credit crunch particularly if the capital accessible won't be adequate to endure the credit cycle organizations may like to go into liquidation, sell or imprint to advertise. Credit crunch happens in cycles. During its upward stage resources can encounter influence offering and prompted expansion in costs. Impacts of credit smash on the economy. For the most part the crunch has acted to diminish financial development by crippling significant ventures and key elements of creation which are essential to guarantee a flourishing economy. The credit crunch has not just influenced the money related markets in the nation however it has proceeded to influence the normal client and shopper who typically support and furthermore advantage from a blasting economy. The credit smash in the United Kingdom has essentially implied that clients are encountering an expansion in the rates and expenses charged to them by banks and other monetary establishments. For the client greater security is required in situations where the people need to take new advances or make overdrafts. For providers the circumstance continues as before with hardware advances getting much harder to gain and overdrafts being brought in or fundamentally being diminished. The rates offered by the monetary foundations have taken off route past most suppliers’ capacities and assurances and debentures have become the thing to address (OL 2007, 2-4). The expanded loaning rates have come about to limited individuals spending and have likewise left people at a misfortune not knowing from which different sources to tap their accounts. Also the economy’s gracefully limit has been significantly influenced. The economy’s potential yield has been diminished prompting a deficiency of merchandise and ventures. This likewise implies the capacity to create inventive merchandise and ventures has additionally been dissuaded as this likewise relies upon loaning administrations gave by monetary organizations that are unequipped for loaning out enough right now. Absence of gainfulness because of decreased development has accordingly become a standard prompting a further financial log jam. The economy has been profoundly influenced likewise on the grounds that speculator certainty and trust in the money related markets has gone down. This implies productive business has stopped and that making misfortunes has become the standard for the economy the suggestion being shortfalls in the administration spending plan. All the more so as an outcome the open segment has gone into shortages (BBC News 2008, 3-5). This is overwhelming for the economy subsequent to appreciating at least fifteen years of financial development. Huge monetary firms have been compelled to conclusion or have must be protected with enormous harm having been experienced on their banks asset reports. Venture banks have recorded significant misfortunes in their money related books and further disturbed by the decay of organized credit esteems. Currency advertises transient loaning has gotten excessively costly and the medium time frame unbound loaning and securitization which were among the key wellsprings of assets for money related have evaporated. Most organizations have furthermore been compelled to coordinate their pay towards obligations adjusting. The impacts have been contracted income and expanded joblessness rates as organizations battle to reduce expenses. So far the biggest activity cuts and joblessness rates have been recorded in the lodging and financing segment. Actually towards the finish of this current year the rates are relied upon to shoot to five percent which is twofold the figure that was recently recorded during the finish of 2007. The work showcase has since been debilitated as the consequence of the smash as more individuals escape working limits. The lodging market is among the most noticeably awful hit and has kept on debilitating as the crunch continues. The costs in this market have tumbled to annihilating levels prompting a further decrease of business rates and genuine pay. Clearly the interests in this part have gone to a record low. Home loan rates have likewise expanded, its loaning diminished and in this way pushing the house costs down. The lodging area is in truth expected to encounter a 24 percent drop this year (Pritchard 2009, 3-6). What Is Being Done? In the course of the most recent months the economy of the nation has declined by a figure at least 0. 8% making it considerably harder for the administration to outline the best approach to recuperation (Channel 4 News 2009, 1-5). In spite of the legislatures endeavors to restore and recover the individuals and economy from the deplorable impacts of the credit crunch most residents are not yet fulfilled and they are in truth of the conclusion that next to no is being done to fix the circumstance. The general inclination is that government officials have been only tossing words at one another and consequently neglecting to transform their words into huge activity. The legislature in spite of these inclination from the general population is attempting everything it can to fix the harm, for instance the Prime pastor has been discovered urging individuals to endeavor to pay their obligations as opposed to overspending on some family unit products like food. The administration is in this manner attempting to urge its residents to guarantee that they have enough assets in store to clear or pay their obligations and advances. This is for the explanation that the more individuals can free the sums from cash they owe as advances the simpler it will be for the credit smash to blur away after some time. Also individuals are being urged to take advances that have rates that they will have the option to bear. This is provided that individuals keep up the propensity for obtaining advances with high rates and along these lines exorbitant to them, the more awful the credit crunch circumstance will be. Taking up advances with higher loan fees just make more noteworthy obligations for banks since individuals in the long run wind up battling to pay or not paying by any stretch of the imagination, the impact will at that point be a drawn out credit crunch (Gillepse 2009, 5-7) Additionally the administration selected to build ensure on investment funds so as to debilitate or stop mass withdrawals of budgetary establishments. The suggestion is that savers have their first at least 35,000 pounds ensured in full not at all like the earlier years where just investment funds of not in excess of 2000 pounds would be ensured in full. The administration also made different endeavors to keep up loan costs and save them on hold for some time because of the disturbance in the economy. They have additionally severally in the previous year cut the rates with the point of facilitating the circumstance, attempting to manage it and to help borrowers. The legislature has also attempted to convince its residents to avoid exaggerated resources which are all prisoner inside the credit cycle such group of four assets incorporate for instance those in the movement, synthetic compounds and development businesses. The legislature has additionally attempted to complete fundamental infusions with an end goal to help fix the emergency. It has besides attempted to think of different salvage bundles for the monetary segment to add to their various endeavors to reestablish financial specialist certainty. In any case, until the speculator trust in the business sectors is reestablished it appears there is little that the legislature can do as at now to facilitate the emergency. The administration has too sort the assistance of the globe to fix this circumstance for the explanation the nation is additionally profoundly reliant on banking streams that cross the county’s outskirts. Question marks and eye foreheads have been raised about the financial frameworks monetary approach, guideline and general administration and their capacity to monitor the framework structure over the top hazard taking. In end recessio

O and Tim Blake Nelson Essays

O and Tim Blake Nelson Essays O and Tim Blake Nelson Essay O and Tim Blake Nelson Essay The most evident distinction between the two motion pictures is the settings. Oliver Parker has kept Othello in Venice while Tim Blake Nelson has made an increasingly contemporary setting. Similarly as the settings of the two films are definitely extraordinary, Othello and Odin properly fit into each setting. Oliver Parker’s Othello is an accomplished solider who is extraordinarily experienced and mindful of himself. He has extraordinary trust in Iago and considers him to be comrade and needs to hear the entirety of his considerations. Despite the fact that he has this trust in Iago, there is as yet a separation of pioneer and worker between the two which is presumably why Othello verbally reports his trust in Desdemona. Tim Blake Nelson’s Odin, anyway exemplifies a high schooler. Odin is youthful and appears to be amazingly juvenile. Odin has total trust in Hugo and when Hugo proposes viewing Desi all the more intently, he does only that. Rather than having pioneer and worker relationship, it feels like Odin and Hugo are on equivalent levels and are companions. Similarly as their characters are extraordinary, Othello and Odin’s responses to Iago/Hugo are unique. At the point when Iago informed Othello concerning his doubts about Desdemona, Othello holds his appearance. His outrage and vulnerability is stifled in light of the fact that he comprehends that there may be a misconception. He demands that he doesn't presume anything for appearance purpose, yet in his brain he is having a great deal of doubts. Anyway Odin is near accepting each word Hugo feeds to him and quickly follows his recommendations. In the wake of having the possibility of infidelity in their psyches, Othello and Odin begin rewarding Desdemona/Desi in an unexpected way. Othello despite everything has some trust with Desdemona and for the most part hushes up about his doubts. He keeps his reservations genuinely very much covered up. Odin then again is amazingly verbal and even follows up on his outrage. At the point when Michael leaves the house, he won't converse with him which recommends a youthfulness which presently can't seem to grow outward graciousness. Odin, truth be told, communicates his displeasure so much that he is unshakable on Desi’s unfaithfulness. What puts him over the edge is most likely when Michael was approached to supplant Odin on the b-ball group where Odin expeditiously tosses two or three punches at Michael, storms out of the court, and hammers the entryway behind him, which shows an absence of order, silliness, and the powerlessness to control his feelings. Shakespeare’s plays are not entirely clear and that is maybe the motivation behind why his plays can has definitely various settings yet at the same time pass on similar subjects and feelings. Oliver Parker acquaints us with a very much regarded, dependable Othello while Tim Blake Nelson makes another profoundly enthusiastic, exceptionally suspicious Odin. While they are the equivalent â€Å"character† the two of them have various characteristics.

Langston Hughes’s “Theme for English B” and Claude Mckay’s “America the Black Americans Dual Identity Essay Example

Langston Hughes’s â€Å"Theme for English B† and Claude Mckay’s â€Å"America: the Black Americans Dual Identity Essay African American Literature can regularly be portrayed by having a double personality, particularly in the right on time to mid-twentieth century. This double the truth is intelligent of the African American’s legacy and current conditions. With a legacy of constrained movement into the nation, and restricted rights and bigotry after subjection is nullified, there is a marginal pride and scorn. It is entirely conceivable to have both of these emotions, and creators uncover this befuddling thought through the outflow of verse. Indeed, the journalists are glad for being Americans, and yet, are consistently heart of the way that in the place where there is fresh new chances, the shade of their skin will maybe consistently be seen as well as will confine them and their kids. There are numerous writings that depict this double personality of the African American, including Langston Hughes’s â€Å"Theme for English B† and Claude McKay’s â€Å"America†. Through â€Å"Theme for English B† Hughes investigates his blended character: â€Å"So will my page be shaded that I compose? Being me, it won't be white† (26-27). We will compose a custom paper test on Langston Hughes’s â€Å"Theme for English B† and Claude Mckay’s â€Å"America: the Black Americans Dual Identity explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Langston Hughes’s â€Å"Theme for English B† and Claude Mckay’s â€Å"America: the Black Americans Dual Identity explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Langston Hughes’s â€Å"Theme for English B† and Claude Mckay’s â€Å"America: the Black Americans Dual Identity explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Prior to this, he recognizes himself as the main dark understudy in his group, which is by all accounts from Harlem, and that he lives in Harlem. He invests his energy both in the lion's share dark Harlem, however he is learning in a for the most part white zone, from white teachers. He hears both Harlem and New York, and along these lines can relate to the dark (Harlem) and the bigger image of New York (America). He clarifies this is a piece of being American, unique but cooperating, notwithstanding the advantage of one another, at that point to support the nation. He comprehends that his educator and himself frequently â€Å"don’t need to be a part† (35) of one another, yet neither of them have a decision. I imagine that note that Hughes underscores his own reluctance to be a piece of the white man This may mirror the constrained migration of subjugation, or just his own discouragement away from â€Å"whiteness†, despite the fact that it is fundamental for him to accomplish his instruction. McKay has a much bitterer perspective of his America. The sonnet â€Å"America†, when contrasted with â€Å"Theme for English B† has an a lot darker and basic tone of America, starting with the primary line â€Å"Although she takes care of me bread of bitterness†(1). Beginning the sonnet like this quickly makes the sentiment of mystery that McKay is attempting to pass on. In spite of the fact that the speaker is being taken care of, it is with foul tasting sustenance, not the benevolent that you would expect in the United States. The Catch 22 is additionally increased through the possibility of life and demise happening at the same time: Stealing my breath of life, I will admit I love this refined damnation that takes my youth† (3-4). A â€Å"cultured hell† is a fascinating expression to utilize on the grounds that it is so surprising. It features the way of life of America, maybe both of high contrast culture that is making such a wild domain. Be that as it may, I question this would be any superior to an uncultured hellfire. It is this nation that makes and pulverizes, adores and despises simultaneously. It is in this conundrum of inconceivabilities that opens numerous prospects. It is the entirety of this disarray and affirmation of disparity that makes the speaker â€Å"strength against her hate† (6). Be that as it may, this one man conflicting with the nation and the way of life of abhor and submission of that loathe can barely make a scratch if â€Å"Her bigness clears me like a flood† (7). The stand that the speaker is taking against and for the nation may not be going anyplace, yet the can see a period later on where â€Å"beneath the dash of Time’s unerring hand, as inestimable fortunes soaking in the sand† (13-14) America’s current culture would be covered. Despite the fact that this can be deciphered as the ruin of the nation, I consider it to be the defeat of the present culture of America. This isn't an enemy of America sonnet, yet rather one committed to a superior one, and towards the development of a culture that grasps all Americans.

Free Essays on Paul Baumer

Paul Baumer-All Quiet On The Western Front The account of Paul Baumer, the storyteller from the novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Remarque, is one of the narratives that greatly affect my life. The story fixates on Paul Baumer, who enrolls in the German armed force with shining eagerness. Be that as it may, over the span of war, he is devoured by it and at long last is â€Å"weary, broken, wore out, rootless, and without hope.† Baumer and his schoolmates who enrolled into the military see the genuine truth of the war. They enter the war straight from school, realizing nothing aside from the earth of cheerful youth and they become developed with the war, which at long last is their solitary home. So then they lose their blameless people. At long last, all that they are educated: are not the scarcest use to them in light of the fact that the main thing they have to know is the manner by which to endure. Alongside that, they have to realize how to get away from the shells just as the passionate and mental torment of the war. Baumer has â€Å"grown acclimated with it; war is the reason for death like flu and looseness of the bowels. † Deaths are progressively visit, increasingly fluctuated and horrible. He has freed himself all things considered and considerations. His feelings are shrouded profound inside himself, alongside the fighters who fell prey to them. His bluntness shields him from going frantic at seeing a butchered or butchered companion. He needs to live no matter what so every outflow of his life must fill one need and one reason in particular. For the expense of life is the demise of his feelings, his endurance relies upon it. Each shot that shoot, a warrior must face the conceivable conviction of death. At whatever point he investigates the eyes of an aggressor, he doesn't see a man, however observes demise gazing back at him. What would you be able to do however retaliate? He can't and won't coincide with you. It doesn't make a difference that he is a man of your equivalent qualification; it doesn't make a difference in the event that he has a mother, a dad, a sister or a sibling. The only thing that is important is that h... Free Essays on Paul Baumer Free Essays on Paul Baumer Paul Baumer-All Quiet On The Western Front The tale of Paul Baumer, the storyteller from the novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Remarque, is one of the accounts that greatly affect my life. The story fixates on Paul Baumer, who enrolls in the German armed force with sparkling excitement. Be that as it may, over the span of war, he is devoured by it and at long last is â€Å"weary, broken, wore out, rootless, and without hope.† Baumer and his cohorts who enrolled into the military see the genuine truth of the war. They enter the war straight from school, realizing nothing aside from the earth of cheerful youth and they become experienced with the war, which at long last is their lone home. So then they lose their blameless people. At long last, all that they are instructed: are not the scarcest use to them on the grounds that the main thing they have to know is the way to endure. Alongside that, they have to realize how to get away from the shells just as the enthusiastic and mental torment of the war. Baumer has â€Å"grown acclimated with it; war is the reason for death like flu and looseness of the bowels. † Deaths are progressively visit, increasingly fluctuated and horrible. He has freed himself all things considered and contemplations. His feelings are shrouded profound inside himself, alongside the fighters who fell prey to them. His bluntness shields him from going frantic at seeing a butchered or butchered companion. He needs to live no matter what so every statement of his life must fill one need and one reason in particular. For the expense of life is the demise of his feelings, his endurance relies upon it. Each shot that shoot, a fighter must face the conceivable sureness of death. At whatever point he investigates the eyes of an aggressor, he doesn't see a man, however observes demise gazing back at him. What would you be able to do yet retaliate? He can't and won't coincide with you. It doesn't make a difference that he is a man of your equivalent qualification; it doesn't make a difference in the event that he has a mother, a dad, a sister or a sibling. The only thing that is important is that h...

Questions Omnibus 2

Questions Omnibus 2 I wrote this in pieces from Cambridge to San Diego, the train from San Diego to Los Angeles, Flight 264 from LAX to Logan Airport, and the fraternity in Boston where Im living for the summer so I apologize if this entry has a bit of an identity crisis, since it didnt really have a stable childhood. It also comes with some abandonment issues, since it took me a bit of time to finish answering all your questions (one all the way from back in November!) and I definitely wrote some other entries in the meanwhile, entries that were prettier or made better jokes or had shinier, more manageable hair. But I spent a little more time with it, on top of a few weeks in therapy, so Im letting this entry make its debut. Please, give it all the love and attention it deserves. Noel and Jeremy both asked a version of: When/why/how did you switch to course 9? How is course 9? Do you like the number 9? In reverse order: I like the number 9 more than the number 4, but less than the number 7. I really like course 9 (Brain and Cognitive Science), because theres a fair amount of flexibility in choosing your classes; you get to pick six electives from any of three categories (Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognition, and Neurocience) on top of a few core requirements, so you can essentially design your major to shift more towards psychology, neurophysiology, artificial intelligence.. etc. I switched from course 5 (Chemistry) to course 9 by getting a form signed (by both the course 5 and the course 9 people it took less than an hour), for a variety of reasons (maybe someday when youre older), in the middle of last semester (October or November, I believe). Carmen queries: emt sounds so exciting, but do you ever really get all the actions? (just traffic accident etc, or is it just to help drunken college students off to the hospital or help a stupid college student who just walked into a pole) HEY. Hey. Just because you walked into a pole DOES NOT imply stupidity. Especially if youre distracted by the thought of taking your first final which you have to make up a day before everyone else because theyre all taking it on a day that you have another final and you cant be bothered to look ahead when youre trying to stick your headphones into your iPod, and I mean, its not like that coat rack was supposed to be in the middle of the sidewalk anyway. Anyway, it really depends on the shift you work. You can definitely work a Tuesday morning 0800 shift (8 AM-12 PM), or even a Thursday afternoon 1600 (4 PM-11 PM), and get nothing, and then you can work a Saturday overnight (11 PM-8 AM) and get three broken noses and a barely concious drunk. I will say that because we only serve the MIT campus (which covers both the campus in Cambridge and the fraternities in Boston) we get a significantly smaller amount of calls than professional ambulance services get, but were certified just as they are, and we run pretty much the same as they do. (My last post about MIT-EMS was here.) Kevin wants to know: How is the food at MIT? The food at MIT is solid. And I mean that in the sense that we have good food, not in the sense that youll starve if you just got your wisdom teeth removed. (Weve got Jell-O.) I really like the falafel in the student center, and we just got a Subway this year, and I have a pretty good relationship with Stata Center sandwiches. I think the thing that makes college food so bad in general, though, is that it suffers from a lack of variety no matter how expensive their meal plans are, which is why living so close to Boston (and having Campusfood.com) is so great. Especially living in Boston Ive got UBurger, Ankaras froyo, Fins sushi, and Shaws groceries all on my doorstop, and Im right by the T so I can just hop on the train in Kenmore and go basically anywhere short of Rhode Island for dinner. Why? Whatd you have for dinner? Your moms home cooking? THATS WHAT I THOUGHT. Anon is curious: Kind of off topic, but out of random curiosity, what is the font that you guys keep using in your images? Gill Sans, in caps. Sh1fty says: (in response to this entry) favorite home appliance? Standing mixer. I bake to destress. favorite allotropic form of carbon? Hmm.. is it dull to say graphite? (No pun intended.) Josh joshes: Favorite Mythbuster? Not the one with the hat. Favorite Organic Compound? Epoxides. Theyre chemistrys fat man. And most importantly: Favorite Muffin? Bran muffins. Specifically, this one. But hey, congrats on getting in! And also, turning the dome into a muffin, I guess? Steph scrutinizes: Favorite shoes? I just bought these awesome Nike Airs about a month ago: They dont match with anything. Its great. Favorite Book? Like picking a favorite child, but I just reread The Amber Spyglass by Phillip Pullman, am currently reading David Sedariss new book When You Are Engulfed in Flames. (His Princeton commencement address is probably my favorite story thus far.) How long you can hula hoop? Long enough. Anon asks: I have a totally unrelated question: I noticed in one of the dorm videos that some people living in the dorms had pets. So, are we allowed to keep our pets on campus?  See, theres this cat that kind of owns me Depends on the dorm. Certain floors in certain dorms, e.g. EC, Random, Senior, and Bexley, are already cat-friendly and have their own rules about bringing new pets in; in order to make a floor cat- or dog-friendly (although Im not sure if any dog-friendly floors actually exist), you need to approve it with everyone on the floor, your GRT (like an RA, the graduate student that lives on each floor and serves as a liason between the floor and the housemasters), and other members of the administration first. You can also try to convince your GRT to get you a cat or dog and keep it in their apartment, which doesnt require paperwork. (Were getting new GRTs next year, who have an adorable dog, and although some people on the floor are allergic theyve cleared it to keep the dog in the apartment only.) As far as other dorms, youre generally safe with the kinds of pets that can be kept in your room, like hamsters, or rocks, or your roommate. Judy H ponders.: Anyways, would you say Harvard classes are less demanding than those at MIT? Is it easier to get a good grade because of grade inflation?? Its really difficult for me to answer this question, partially because Ive taken all my classes at MIT save for just two classes at Harvard, so I cant really be called an expert on the Harvard grading system. One of the classes I took appeared to be on the easier end of the spectrum for Harvard, and the other appeared to be on the much harder side and neither of them were humanities classes; so really, I have a pretty bad sample size. Kind of like trying to describe a couple hundred course meal after eating the soup and salad. Basically, I cant make any sweeping generalizations, but the two classes that I took were graded pretty differently from classes Ive taken at MIT. anton questions: Harvard and MIT have different academic calendars. Has that posted any challenge for you in taking classes at Harvard The only challenge it posed was the one time MIT had a four-day weekend, and Harvard did not, and everyone made fun of my lab partner Nina and I for having to work while they all had a big party. We laughed back at them while we had a two-week reading period before finals, and Nina and I went outside to sit in Killian Court sipping fruity beverages while everyone else was running around frantically having hernias over final projects. If you take a class at Harvard in the fall, there is the schedule conflict that MIT has its fall semester finals before winter break, and Harvard has them after, so you take finals both before and after although I think theyre changing this next year. ekim implores: Japanese is attendence-mandatory?  How does that work? What happens if you miss a class? The attendance-mandatory policy works by grading our speaking ability on a daily basis, and youre permitted to drop two daily grades, so if you miss a class you just drop that days grade. Note that most all other MIT classes are not attendance-mandatory, and the ones that are may have a different policy. another12 inquires: The mom keeps saying the east is more formal than northern california- but Ive got packing issues. The airlines are limiting us. How do I get a 70 pound amp east? Ship it, if its worth it to you! DO I really need to pack a suit/nice jacket and stuff? If you want to go to formals, interviews, or kick it with Susan Hockfield, yes. How much to calculate for the cold, beyond 19 pair of socks? I suggest long underwear, but it doesnt really start getting bitterly cold until around Thanksgiving. You can buy some of the heavy stuff around Boston if its too much to pack, See this entry for more on packing. Sam says: Cramp spray?  For realio?  Kamber, my birthday is only 8 months away. Forget it, Spam, I already bought you a beard comb. Actually, Im pretty sure you shaved, but whatever, you can use it for the back of your head or something. Also, could you remind me and the vast MITblog community what youre doing this summer, again? Only for you. Im living in Boston with my room/floormates from freshman year, working in my lab (taking MRIs of the visual word form area), studying for the MCATs, beating the ultimate set list in Rock Band, taking a photo class, exploring Bostons little cafes, and falling asleep a lot in public places. More on this later! More questions, more answers. Leave a message after the beep.

John Deeres Legacy - 1375 Words

John Deeres Legacy (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Contributions of John Deere Introduction John Deere was an American inventor who crafted the first self-sourcing steel plow which paved the way for modern farm machinery. Deere was born in 1804 in Rutland, Vermont. He spent much of his teenage life in Middlebury where he received the primary education and later spent a couple of years training as a blacksmith (Sutcliffe 7). At the age of twenty-one, he embarked in practicing as a blacksmith in Vermont where he became popular over a short period. Deere was dedicated to his works and made quality polished shovels and hay forks. John Deere was able to make a good name for himself across Vermont which increased the demand for his tools. However, in the 1830s, the business conditions in the state of Vermont worsened, and Deere decided to travel in search of greener pastures. Deere moved to Illinois where he met fellow Vermont natives who welcomed him. The demand for farming equipment in the area was overwhelming such that by the second day of his stay, his small establishment was crowded by customers. Besides making shovels and hay forks, people in this area met him with other demands such as making horseshoes, repairing farm equipment, and making plows. Deere observed the plows that were being used in the area which made digging tough and for the last reason, he designed the polished plow. Ten years after developing the first polished plow, Deere was now producing one thousand two hundred plows annually (Drache 5). Deere invested in time spent manufacturing a single plow to ensure that he created products of high quality that met the clients' specifications. The legacy left behind by Deere is the revolution he brought to the agricultural sector of the United States regarding the production capacity through the production of the necessary farm machinery. The introduction of the polished plow by Deere saw a change from the use of the human to animal power, and later mechanical power. Initially, women and children pulled the plows across the fields as the men guided them. Later on, people would shift to using horses and oxen to pull the plows. However, Deere would then provide a sophisticated steel plow that depended more on mechanical power rather than human or animal. After the introduction of the polished plow, people were able to cultivate more land and increase the production rate of various crops (Sutcliffe 23). The plows that people used before the invention of Deere did not facilitate digging through stony soils. Due to the increased need for his plows, Deere opened a small factory. His business expanded in a way that he never anticipated. This little facility that was set up in Moline, Illinois, was the founding company of the now large John Deere Company which produces massive farm machinery for local use and also for exportation. The factory created jobs for some unemployed persons in the area who aided in crafting the plows. The booming business enabled Deere to employ more people in his company. However, several challenges came along with the worst being competition from Candee, Swan Co. whereby the company made similar tools without the permission of Deere (Abrams). However, Deere lost the case as the judge said that he did not have a valid trademark for his tools. Deere never gave up as he went ahead to design his unique logo that he patched on every equipment from his factory. He was determined to see that farmers plowed their farms at ease and improved their productivity. Due to his invention, Deere was referred as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Plow King' by many of his customers who were dispersed beyond Illinois (Dahlstrom et al. 67). In 1854, Deere started being involved in politics and was appointed as the chairman of The Whig County Convention. As the party leader, he advocated for the end of slavery which had taken a toll in the United States. Africans were being sold as slaves to the white men who had large tracts of land. During this era, there were two fronts which were opposed to matters concerning slavery (Sutcliffe 35). One insisted on the continuity of the slave trade while others advocated for its abolition. Deere is remembered for being at the front line of the campaigns against the act. He went ahead and made the abolition of slavery as the main agenda for the party. The differences brought along the rise of the American Civil War. During this era of the civil war, John led a group of persons to distort slavery meetings in the state. John Deere is also remembered to have established the first fire department in Moline. The department started off with only a single hand engine which was referred as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Metamora.' (Abrams) Along with it were the hose pipe of about two thousand feet which was pulled by horses. The first employees of the company were mainly volunteers. Also, Deere's company along with three other firms supplied some of the equipment to the fire department. John Deere is also credited for the founding the National Bank of Moline and being its first president. The bank came as a big boost especially to farmers who needed capital to purchase farm equipment and for their livelihood. The bank also received deposits from its members. However, in the first years, business was not as thriving as it John had anticipated but through his creativity and excellent management skills, the bank was able to stabilize. The National Bank of Moline thus attributes its success and stability to John Deere. After serving as the National Bank's president, Deere also served as the mayor of Illinois for a term of two years from 1873 to 1875 (Drache 5). During his tenure as mayor, John Deere oversaw the implementation of various projects that were beneficial to the residents of Moline. First, he ensured that the city's drainage was improved through construction of sewer pipes that replaced the open trenches. Deere necessitated the building of the sewer pipes due to the widespread of diseases caused by the open drainages. As a result, the town became clean, and there were less communicable diseases, and the environment became tolerable (John Deere Company). Also, John repaired the side- walks and pavements in the city which had been neglected for years. As a result of these efforts, the city was able to attract more pers...

Causes of Global Warming - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 564 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? Causes of Global Warming Climate has changed rapidly for 50 years. Recently, we can feel the temperature is changing rapidly and environmental experts also agree with this. In the world, a lot of countries are greatly affected by the warming of the earth especially the Maldives. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Causes of Global Warming" essay for you Create order The islands highest location is only about 2.5 meters above sea level. Maldives is at risk of being completely submerged due to global warming and sea level. The government has said they will extract tourism revenue to build artificial islands for its residents who are likely to become homeless; moreover, carbon dioxide has risen by 1,000 times compared to it 100 years ago and humans play an important role in raising CO2. Global warming is caused by natural and human activities that negatively affects life. The first cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect. Ozone depletion, this layer has the effect of stopping ultraviolet rays from falling to the earth, areas that are depleted of the ozone layer, desertification, no longer reducing the daytime temperature to increase night temperature. So, it is so hot during the day, but cold at night. The causes of global warming include emissions of methane in greater amount of the Arctic. Volcanic eruptions are also one of the causes of global warming. Environment changes lead to inflated earth surface temperatures that cause the ice in Antarctic waters. Ice melts to reveal permanent, eternal ice, this permanent carbon dioxide will be part of the Earths carbon cycle, while fewer trees on Earth cannot regulate CO2 levels; Thus, it leads to increasing global warming. The second cause of global warming is human activities. The process of industrialization and modernization generates a wide range of types of exhaust gas plants. Factories produce a lot of products for the industries, so the factories emit a lot of gas into the environment which raise the temperature of the earths surface. In addition, people use a lot of public transportation such as car, motorbike, planes, so on. This also contributes to polluting the air and causing global warming. Deforestation is the third cause of global warming. Natural CO2 gas will be planted photosynthetic oxygen to regenerate, but more and more forests are destroyed so there are not enough green trees to dissolve CO2 to make the earth increasingly hot. The forests are so devastated that the sun shines on the earth without the green foliage of the trees; thus, shining directly on the ground, forming arid, hot and desert areas. In the rainy season, there is no forest to keep the water, so the floods will cause the drought until the dry season. In conclusion, these are just a few of the many causes of global warming. Nevertheless, global warming is caused by natural and human activities that negatively affects life. Many argue that global warming is a slow process, and it will take long time for all these devastating effects take place. But they forget that global warming is raising rapidly. We need to do something to save the earth, and must be responsible to the environment. People should move to walking, biking, using buses, instead, using motorbikes or cars when going to school or going out, and find ways to limit using of energy from gasoline, coal, or oil. Then, we can learn about the use of solar energy, and actively plant trees to help reduce CO2 in the environment.

Examine the practical and the morale constraints upon...

Jewish resistance throughout the holocaust has caused much debate among academics historians, and even governments. Historians conclude that resistance was practical and morally constrained throughout the Second World War, for a variety of reasons. Historians such as Rab Bennett, Michael Marrus, Richard L Rubenstein, and John K Roth all have written in detail about the constraints placed upon Jewish resistance throughout this period. Each of these explanations will be examined throughout this paper. Furthermore, this paper will discuss examples of Jewish resistance during the holocaust, while applying the theories of each historian to explain in detail about the morale and practical constraints within Jewish resistance. Three main†¦show more content†¦All were shot in front of the population in the city. Thereafter, the Germans divided all work parties leaving the ghetto into groups of ten; if one person escaped, the entire group would be killed. â€Å"Collective reasonabil ity† was a practical measure to contain resistance. The main aim of the practice was to kill people indiscriminately and strike fear into the entire community. Rab Bennett attributes this to be a main factor in constraining resistance. Fear became the ultimate weapon that the Wermacht and Gestapo would use against the Jewish population to get them to comply with their demands. The Nazi army went further to strengthen the policy of â€Å"collective responsibility†, which aimed to consolidate total fear upon the Jewish population within Europe. The Nazi army council in 1941, ordered reprisal killings for every single German soldier killed. The total settled at 100:1 in Yugoslavia and Greece however 300:1 was not uncommon, much depended on the ruthlessness of the German commander. Jewish resistance became much more constrained throughout the Holocaust by the use of these brutal methods. The Germans began to starve Jewish ghettos such as Warsaw and Bialystok in 1940-1941 to continue with the policy of the final solution. The rules that German soldiers applied to Jewish ghettos were extremely harsh and so stringent that if Jews were to obey they would probably have perished in a short periodShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesis thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will becomeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact Thi s Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswhich were spread ever more broadly among different social groups—including women, laborers, INTRODUCTION †¢ 3 ethnic minorities, and gays—made strides that were perhaps greater than all of those achieved in previous history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutal oppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introduction of new technologies of repression and surveillance and modes of mass organization and control.

nm,n. On the other hand the main dissimilarity of those...

Essay Assignment #1 Length: three to four pages not including Works Cited Evaluation of an Argument through Analysis – In this assignment, you are required to show your abilities to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of an argument, based on your analysis of it. Thus far in the course, we have explored the ways in which we read and analyze an argumentative text critically. Critical analysis of a text requires us to look for what the author claims (the main idea/thesis) and to closely examine how the author supports the claim (via subsidiary claims and evidence). It also requires us to examine how the author presents the claims and evidence and how he or she addresses his or her opposing views. Write an essay in which you†¦show more content†¦That is, in each body paragraph, write about one of your points, explaining why one writer’s argument is more convincing in each chosen area. In providing your evidence, make sure to use specific details from the essays. Also use, whenever relevant, such terminology as audience, purpose, claims, evidence, reasoning, credibility, opposing views, counterargument, language, tone, and organization. As for organizing your own essay, please use the point-by-point pattern, not the block pattern. In your conclusion, restate your focused thesis and write other insightful concluding remarks. Essay Assignment #3 Length: five to six pages not including Works Cited Argumentation with thematic synthesis of materials – In this assignment, you are required to show your ability to argue a controversial issue by taking a position and persuading your readers with convincing evidence that your position is more valid than that of your opponents. For this task, you need to draw on your abilities to succinctly and accurately summarize different writers’ points of view and to make connections among source materials, and between your own ideas and those presented in sources. Generally, bilingualism can be defined as â€Å"the ability to speak two languages easily and naturally† or â€Å"the regular use of two languages in everyday communication.† In the context of the USA and as a topic of controversy, however, bilingualism refers to the use of another language besidesShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChristian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the UnitedRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pageslearning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect

Classical Socratic, Socratic And Hellenic Views Of Thought...

Pre-Socratic, Socratic, and Hellenic views of thought are all incorporated in order to provide a holistic explanation of The Greeks’ view towards one’s control of their own life. Even though Greek Philosophy encompasses many different ways of thought, Greek Philosophy assumes a general disproval of one being able to determine the outcomes of their actions. The idea is theoretically possible to some Greek philosophers and schools of thought but assumes complete knowledge of the cosmos and universals, which is also contradicted as being attainable by the same philosophers. Pre-Socratic philosophers tended to seek natural explanations for happenings as Pythagoras does when determining one’s will over the events that occur in their life. Pythagoras’ general association with mathematics is showed in his philosophy. Pythagoras claimed that philosophical inquiries were all explainable by mathematics and physics if given accurate data (Boxing Pythagoras). In theor y, Pythagoras says that one can control the occurrences in their life, but in order to they would have to be completely knowledgeable of the physics behind the world and be able to apply it to the particular situation. This also assumes that the data is correct and not obtained through false observation or measurement. According to Pythagoras’ explanation of controlling or predicting future events, it is possible to manipulate physical entities to change the outcome of events. However, by him explaining this concept, heShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Aristotle s Life1491 Words   |  6 PagesAs the Greek philosopher Aristotle is widely thought to have said, The ultimate value of life depends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. The earliest accounts of human history chronicle the struggle for survival against all odds. It is therefore remarkable that roughly 2400 years ago the question of virtue was raised, let alone contemplated at gr eat length, forming a foundation upon which Western philosophers build to the present day. Socrates and AristotleRead MoreComparing Phaedo and Ecclesiastes3040 Words   |  13 Pages   Separated by language, history and several hundred miles of the Mediterranean Sea, two of the worlds greatest cultures simultaneously matured and advanced in the centuries before the birth of Christianity. In the Aegean north, Hellenic Greeks blossomed around their crown jewel of Athens, while the eastern Holy City of Jerusalem witnessed the continued development of Hebrew tradition. Though they shared adjacent portions of the globe and of chronology, these two civilizations grew up around whollyRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Influence On Western Philosophical Tradition2851 Words   |  12 Pagesin the shaping of western philosophical tradition, who eventually broke away from a mythological approach to explaining the world, and gave rise to an method based on reason and evidence with main concern of explaining the entire cosmos. The Pre-Socratic philosophers strived to identify the single underlying principle in other words; they strived to solve the problem of the one and the many. Then there were the medieval times, which are traditionally divided into two main periods: the period within

How far do you agree the period between Free Essays

How far do you agree the period between 1350-1750 was one of continuity rather than change in medicine? In the Renaissance, people still believed in Galena’s Theory of Opposites which is an example of continuity rather than change because people believed in this a long time before this time period. The development of the compound microscope by Antonio van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th Century was an example of change, because the microscopes before this time were not powerful enough to see things like capillaries and germs. This lead on to the start of the Germ Theory which was another change, because before this time people thought God brought disease and so did ‘bad air’. We will write a custom essay sample on How far do you agree the period between or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Renaissances herbal remedies are an example of both change and continuity. They use new and exotic plants and newfound knowledge, but they still use herbal remedies. I believe that this period was a time of change not continuity. Therefore I disagree with this statement as this contradicts with my belief. How to cite How far do you agree the period between, Papers

How far do you agree the period between Free Essays

How far do you agree the period between 1350-1750 was one of continuity rather than change in medicine? In the Renaissance, people still believed in Galena’s Theory of Opposites which is an example of continuity rather than change because people believed in this a long time before this time period. The development of the compound microscope by Antonio van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th Century was an example of change, because the microscopes before this time were not powerful enough to see things like capillaries and germs. This lead on to the start of the Germ Theory which was another change, because before this time people thought God brought disease and so did ‘bad air’. We will write a custom essay sample on How far do you agree the period between or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Renaissances herbal remedies are an example of both change and continuity. They use new and exotic plants and newfound knowledge, but they still use herbal remedies. I believe that this period was a time of change not continuity. Therefore I disagree with this statement as this contradicts with my belief. How to cite How far do you agree the period between, Papers

Business Of Financial Modeling Fundamental -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Of Financial Modeling Fundamental? Answer: Introducation Decision - making is a part of our daily lives. For any human - being, its a daily activity and there is no exception to that. For a business entity, decision making is a habit and a process as well. A 'decision' is referred to as the course of action chosen among a set of alternative actions so as to achieve the organizational goals. Decision making is an ongoing process and indispensable component for management of organizational activities (Berman, Knight and Case, n.d.). Corporate decision making takes place at various levels of the entity and can either be top-down or bottom-up. The top down decisions are made by the top management and the decisions are passed on down the corporate ladder for the implementation purpose. On the other hand, the bottom up decisions are taken by the middle line managers based on the conditions circumstances existing in the internal environment of the firm. What is always noticed is that the top level decisions are related to policies, strategies, focus directions while bottom level decisions are related to day-to-day operations. The middle management is often referred to as the 'sandwich' layer because they are responsible for implementing the decisions made and have to accordingly decide the process of running their teams as well as communicate it to the lower level workers. The point to he stated over here is that in any process of corporate decisions, the critical role is being played by the actual implementors since even the best profitable plan can lead a firm nowhere if there is no commitment from the middle management (Bruner, Eades and Schill, 2017). Hence, alot of organizations organize off site meetings at resorts or hotels and briefs the management about the decisions taken and the impact of such decisions on the organization. Corporate decision making is successful as long as there is a glue to keep the organization together in the form of encouraged leaders or an organizational culture that values stability and coherence. Once any of these conditions are lost, the firm falls in its own trap and this leads to loss of competitiveness of the company (TULSIAN, 2016). Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting is the process by which the business analyzes the large amount of investments expenses that are large enough to affect an organization's future. Usually, these investments include projects such as building a new plant or purchase of heavy machinery. In this case, a project's cash inflows outflows are being assessed so as to determine whether the returns that are being generated meet the required benchmark or not. This is also known as 'Investment Appraisal'. For a business, it is advantageous to take up all the opportunities projects but due to the limitation of capital at that point of time, capital budgeting techniques are being used so as to analyze the maximum returns from all the avaliable projects at that point of time and thereby, choosing the best course of finance. Various tools of capital budgeting involves NPV, IRR, discounted payback period, etc (Clarke and Clarke, 1990). Example on NPV and IRR Year A B 0 -80000 -80000 1 20000 - 2 24000 - 3 20000 - 4 27000 65000 5 30000 75000 Required rate of Return 12% NPV of Project A Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 0 -80000 -80,000 1 20000 17,857 2 24000 19,133 3 20000 14,236 4 27000 17,159 5 30000 17,023 NPV 5,407 NPV of Project B Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 0 -80000 -80000 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 65000 41,309 5 75000 42,557 NPV 3,866 Calculation of Internal Rate of Return of each project For Project A: For Calculation of IRR, Inflow=Outflow Let be IRR 14.50% then PV of Inflows Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 1 20000 17,467 2 24000 18,306 3 20000 13,323 4 27000 15,709 5 30000 15,244 Therefore, at 14.50% Pv of Inflows = PV of Outflows (80,000). Hence IRR is 14.50% For Project B: For Calculation of IRR, Inflow=Outflow Let be IRR 13.15% then PV of Inflows Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 65000 39,655 5 75000 40,438 Therefore, at 13.15% Pv of Inflows = PV of Outflows (80,000). Hence IRR is 13.15% Various capital budgeting techniques includes : Sensitivity analysis- Sensitivity analysis is the tool which helps to determine the effect of change of independent factor on the dependent factors given different situations and assumptions. It is used keeping in mind certain limitations which are dependent on the input factors. One of the most common examples of sensitivity analysis is effect of changes in market interest rates on securities. The technique of sensitivity analysis helps to measure the responsiveness of one factor based on change in other. It helps to analyse the effect of decision making on one or more inputs. This helps to understand the behaviour of the factors by changing the model (Taylor, 2008). Example on Sensitivity analysis: Given a situation, we have Mr. A, who is a sales manager of a store; he wants to comprehend the effect of increase in customer base on the operating revenue. Based on findings and research Mr. A came to a conclusion that the sales are directly related to volume and product pricing, creating a function between all these factors. The product price was $50 per unit, and the sales volume achieved last year by Mr. A was 10,000 units, earning himself total revenue of $500000. Doing a little more study, Mr. A found out that an increase in customer base by 10 percent would help him increase the revenue by 3 percent. This whole situation is a great example of sensitivity analysis, of how on independent variable would affect a dependent one in the given scenario. With the help of available information, Mr. A can now calculate the expected increase in revenue by estimating the increase in customer base (Galbraith, Downey and Kates, 2002). Sensitivity analysis and Capital Budgeting The technique of sensitivity analysis helps to analyse the affect of various variables on the outcome of the project. This help the investor understand the effect of change in cash flows, interest rates and other variables on the outcome of the project. Capital budgeting is the way which helps the investor understands the viability of a given project. Sensitivity analysis helps them understand the volatility of change in outcome whenever any input variable is changed. Sensitivity analysis helps us understand the effect of change in one estimate or one assumption on the entire outcome of the capital budgeting technique. Therefore, we can say that sensitivity analysis helps double check the results of capital budgeting given different situations and assumptions (Shim and Siegel, 2008). Scenario Analysis : This analysis is a process of analyzing decisions by considering all the possible outcomes and is designed in such a way so as to see the consequences of an action under different set of factors. It involves determining the 'expected value' of an investment assuming specific changes in the key factors such as interest rates, etc after a particular period of time. For example, the difference in the investment's NPV due to variations in inflation. This is basically a 'what-if' analysis and determines the changes in the value of the portfolio based on happening of different scenarios. Scenarios created should be feasible enough to provide an accurate picture of the possible outcomes (Hassani, 2016). Basically, an analyst is required to determine the level of risk present within an investment. The most common approach out of various approcahes is called standard deviation of monthly or daily security returns and then, computation of the expected value of the portfolio if each security shows returns that are above or below the average returns by being two or three standard deviations. An analyst is required to assess the reasonable certainty at a particular period of time concerning the changes in the value of a portfolio. Now,it is important to distinguish scenario analysis from sensitivity analysis as often, these two are considered to be more or less same (Holland and Torregrosa, 2008). However, there is a sharp difference between both of them. Considering an example, suppose an equity analyst wants to analyze the effect of earnings per share (EPS) on company's valuation by using price to earnings (P/E) multiple technique and therefore, is required to conduct both sensitivity scenario analysis. Here, while conducting sensitivity analysis, variable price EPS affecting the valuation will be determined and then, all the possible outcomes are being recorded. However, when conducting scenario analysis, different outcomes are to be formed based on an scenario. For example, an analyst has to determine a certain scenario such as marketing crash or changes in regulations of the industry. Based on that, he uses different variables to suit that scenario. Keeping all these factors at one place, the analyst would be acquainted with range of outcomes, given all extremes and a clear picture of different outputs based on different set of inputs characterized by real life scenarios (Khan and Jain, 2014). Break Even Analysis : This analysis involves the determination of a point where the company's net income would be zero, that is, there is no profit no loss. This point refers to as 'breakeven point'. By definition, the company determines a point where it is generating enough revenue so as ti cover all the expenses incurred during an accounting period (Saltelli, Chan and Scott, 2008). It is to be stated over here that breakeven analysis is different from payback period as payback period is used to find the period in which the initial investment is to be paid back, while breakeven analysis is concerned with equalling of revenue and total costs with zero net income. This analysis analyzes the number of sales required to pay off the costs of doing that business. Now breakeven analysis involves two concepts where one is being viewed from accounting perspective and one from financial perspective (Saunders and Cornett, 2017). Financial breakeven analysis : An NPV breakeven occurs when the initial investments gets equal to the cash flows and NPV turns out to be zero. Thus, to determine a breakeven point, an analyst has to determine that level of sales where the NPV of the project comes out to be zero. Accounting breakeven analysis : Here, the breakeven happens when the total revenue equals total cost and there is neither loss nor income. This can be reached by computing the variable costs to sales ratio. For example, the ratio comes out to be 0.80, that means with every rupee of a sales of each unit, contribution is 0.20. Thus, the contribution margin ratio comes out as 0.20. And therefore, the breakeven point is calculated by (Palepu, Healy and Peek, 2016) : BEP = (Fixed Cost + depreciation) /Contribution Margin Ratio. Simulation Analysis : The term 'Simulation' refers to pretending of some action or more precisely, imitation. It makes use of statistical data so as to figure out the average outcome of a scenario based on complex multiple factors. The statistical distribution is being estimated for each input and simulation analysis is done to see the effect of changing inputs on the output. It is a dynamic analysis that considers the probabilities of changes or interactions among possible variables. This is used in various areas of business such as bond pricing (Phillips, 2014). It is designed in such a way to see the impact on the outcome on an average when there are possible changes in the inputs. Each potential factor is assigned a statistical or probability distribution that could change the results of an investment. For example, the default on bonds is being estimated to be 20%. Simulation analysis is useful for in depth understanding of the capital budgeting for enhancing the investment decisions. However, it is not able to handle uncertainties. Also, it aint a good remedy of all problems as significant inter relationships between different variables, if overlooked, would lead to misleading informations wrong results and decisions (Reilly and Brown, 2012). Conclusion This assignment has made me learn and know the importance of capital budgeting and its various techniques which are discussed here. Evaluation of risks, long term investments involves high considerable risk and are capital expenditures. This investments are huge in nature and therefore, once the decision is being made or amount is being invested, it is irreversible in nature. Therefore, capital budgeting is being used for proper planning. Choosing of Best course of action, capital budgeting helps a company to choose the best course of action that would yield the best possible returns (Fairhurst, 2015). Its main concern is to increase the shareholder's wealth and helps a company in achieving an edge in the market. Sustainability or Long Run of the business, capital budgeting believes in optimum results, that is, best maximum profits with minimum costs and best utilization of resources. Thus, it helps in avoiding under or over investments and thereby, helping in sustainability of an en tity in a long run perspective. References Berman, K., Knight, J. and Case, J. (n.d.).Financial intelligence for HR professionals. Bruner, R., Eades, K. and Schill, M. (2017).Case studies in finance. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Education. Clarke, R. and Clarke, R. (1990).Strategic financial management. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Fairhurst, D. (2015).Using Excel for Business Analysis A Guide to Financial Modelling Fundamenta. John Wiley Sons. Galbraith, J., Downey, D. and Kates, A. (2002).Designing dynamic organizations. New York: AMACOM. Hassani, B. (2016).Scenario analysis in risk management. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Holland, J. and Torregrosa, D. (2008).Capital budgeting. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office. Khan, M. and Jain, P. (2014).Financial management. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education. Palepu, K., Healy, P. and Peek, E. (2016).Business analysis and valuation. Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. Phillips, J. (2014).Capm / pmp. New York: McGraw Hill. Reilly, F. and Brown, K. (2012).Investment analysis portfolio management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Saltelli, A., Chan, K. and Scott, E. (2008).Sensitivity analysis. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M. (2017).Financial institutions management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Shim, J. and Siegel, J. (2008).Financial management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. Taylor, S. (2008).Modelling financial time series. New Jersey: World Scientific. TULSIAN, B. (2016).TULSIAN'S FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR CA-IPC (GROUP-I). [S.l.]: S CHAND CO LTD.

Inventory Control for Finished Goods in Manufacturing and in Services

Introduction Inventory can be described as the raw materials, merchandise and finished and finished products alike of a company of which have not yet been sold (Song Zipkin 2003, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inventory Control for Finished Goods in Manufacturing and in Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company’s inventory represents one of the key assets of a business because the earnings obtained from the inventory signify one of the prime sources of generating revenue and which subsequently brings earnings to the involved management. In other words, they can be considered as the company’s liquid assets that can be converted into cash anytime without any difficulty. Now the inventories of a manufacturing and a service industry are not the same at all, but rather they differ in many ways. For example, in a manufacturing industry, there are many different inventories in b etween the production stages before the final product is obtained. The time taken between say the raw material processing and the time that the product is semi finished and also the time taken for the final product to be assumed may vary. It may also take quite a while after the product is on the shelves during the retail stage. Thus for a manufacturing industry, there would be a time delay between the production and consumption of the product. On the other hand, in the services industry, there is an immediate consumption of the product once it is produced. This may be reflected in the example of a food court, where the production and consumption of the food and drinks takes place simultaneously (Deshpande, Cohen Donohue 2003, p. 683; Hoyt 2002, p. 2). Importance of inventory The major importance of inventory of goods and services is that it helps a company to produce the goods and services only when needed and required. This is because the having an inventory by a company for a lo ng duration of time can be very costly for it, due to storage, spoilage, and obsolescence costs (Gravelle Rees 2004, p. 5; ). On the other hand, having a very minute inventory can also be risky to the company as it stands to lose potential market share and sales as well (Dale 2003, p. 5). Inventory issues The main issues that are involved in inventory include the costs which are included in the acquisition costs, the frequency may they be perpetual or periodic in the cost computations, the cost flow assumption, which may not really represent the physical inventory flow, used to trace cost movement and the valuation basis (Axster 2003, p. 438). These may be borne by the manufacturer, service provider or even the intermediary. Discussion Literature notes that inventory is very important in the production and sale of products and services. The main significance is that it helps the company to know when to produce the goods and services only when needed and to know the quantity to be p roduced (Schroeder 1993, p. 56). This would then help in cutting overhead costs of storage among others in case of overproduction and it would eliminate the possibility of the company missing the market share and chances.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, problems of overproduction or underproduction are taken into consideration and catered for. All companies that are in the manufacturing of goods and service providing essentially use inventory. This helps them to track the process of production up until consumption and in turn, it helps them to maximize on profits by minimizing production costs (Dong Rudi 2004, p. 645). Conclusion As a conclusion, companies that use inventories, be they good, production or service providers are at a better level of maximizing on profits and cashing in on the market chances, meeting the needs and requirements of the market . With the advent of technology (Melchiors, Dekker Kleijn 2000, p. 111), software for inventories like Just-In-Time (JIT) is available to make work easier (Frakes Ricardo1992, p. 46). All these should be clearly documented in order for easier referencing. At the end of the financial year, these records should be analyzed in order to project the future market requirements for better planning (Jacobs Chase 2010, p. 43; Muhlemann Lockyer, 1992, p. 234). Reference List Axster, S 2003, Evaluation of unidirectional lateral transshipments and substitutions in inventory systems, European Journal of Operational Research 149, 438–447. Dale, B 2003, Management Quality, 4th Edn, Blackwell, Oklahoma. Deshpande, V, Cohen, M Donohue, K 2003, A threshold inventory rationing policy for service-differentiated demand classes, Management Science, 49, 683–703. Dong, L Rudi, N 2004, Who benefits from transshipment? Exogenous vs. endogenous wholesale prices, Management Science, 50, 645 –657.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inventory Control for Finished Goods in Manufacturing and in Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frakes, W Ricardo, B 1992, Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms, Prentice-Hall 45-50. Gravelle, H Rees, R 2004, Microeconomics, 3rd Edn, Prentice Hall, New York. Hoyt, W 2002, Basics of inventory control. Prentice Hall, New York Jacobs, R Chase R 2010, Operations and supply chain management, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Melchiors, P, Dekker, R Kleijn, M 2000, Inventory rationing in an (s,Q) inventory model with lost sales and two demand classes, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 51, 111–122. De V ÃŒ ricourt, F, Karaesmen, F Dallery, Y 2002, Optimal stock allocation for a capacitated supply system, Management Science 48, 1486–1501. Muhlemann, A Lockyer, K 1992, Production and operations management, 6th Edn, Pit man, New York.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schroeder, R 1993, Operations management: decision making in the operations function, 4th Edn, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Song, J Zipkin, P 2003, Supply chain operations: Assemble-to-order systems, In: A.G. de Kok, S.C. Graves (Eds.), Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science, vol. 11, Elsevier, Amsterdam. This research paper on Inventory Control for Finished Goods in Manufacturing and in Services was written and submitted by user Adrianna Houston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Important Is It To Write A Donald Trump Coal Sample Essay?

How Important Is It To Write A Donald Trump Coal Sample Essay?Is there anything more important to write a Donald Trump coal sample essay than 'because it's my birthday, we're going to party?' Answer: nothing. People in your high school or college class might be asking for a sample paper from a Professor Trump, but it's important to focus on them in the same way as you would focus on yourself - by writing.Reading sample essays is an excellent way to learn how to write the kind of paper that the professor expects. It's easy to slip into the trap of wanting to avoid this, but that will only drive you further away from the job you really want.As someone who has to read a lot of essays, I know for a fact that every essay you read should have one thing in common: a lesson to teach. You will probably never see anyone in that position, but every student you've ever seen has always had something valuable to teach their classmates. But you must remember that to get into a good college, you won 't just have to recite a lesson, you'll have to analyze it and use it in your own life.You are reading a sample essay because you know what the professor expects and you want to impress the student's eyes. It's easy to think of your favorite movie or book or person to bring up, but you can't forget that you want to make the professor impressed with your writing. You need to have something to say about this and that.This will vary depending on the type of sample essay you are reading. Some are primarily text-based and have nothing else to say, while others have an audio file with interesting facts and figures, or a link to a website where you can hear a short speech from the character from the story. Even some online courses require you to create a draft of a persuasive essay so that you can apply the lesson.Because you are reading these samples, you are no doubt familiar with the names and faces of some of the world class essay writers out there. However, there are many other great writers out there who could use your attention. Keep in mind that writing is an art and you will need to practice to become a better writer in the future.While reading is an essential part of the writing process, a sample essay can also be extremely powerful. Reading these sample essays makes it easier to spot the mistakes you might make in your own work. You will then be able to become a better writer as well.

Martin Luther King in the 20th century essays

Martin Luther King in the 20th century essays Why is Martin Luther King jr. considered to be a significant figure of the 20th Century? Dr. Martin Luther King is considered by many to be a significant figure of the 20th century for a variety of reasons; because of what he achieved and the difficulties he overcame in attaining these achievements. Dr. King is significant because for thirteen struggle-filled years he fought to make his dream of liberation for all people become a reality, because of the hope and inspiration he gave millions of oppressed people, because of the non-violent way in which he fought and because of the way in which he influenced America, changing it forever as he brought into the spotlight the injustices of the black American peoples treatment, because he led the civil rights movement and overcame legal. While Dr King endeavoured to achieve these things, he rose above many difficulties including his own, his supporters, his marchers and his familys constant danger and other such difficulties as the black people of Chicago not listening to him and resorting to violence. One of the main reasons Dr King is such a significant figure of the 20th Century is because he courageously fought to make his dream, that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed; We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. a reality, so that all people could be liberated and treated equally. He is significant because of the changes he wrought throughout America as he led the civil rights movement to victory, ultimately leading them to conquer legal racism. Dr King was the dominant force in the civil rights movement during its greatest decade of achievement, he organised and led many mass meetings, marches, boycotts and prayer vigils. He achieved many great things through these mass actions including the more major achievements of desegregating the Montgomery bus system becaus...

The Proper Way To Make References In A Dissertation

The Proper Way To Make References In A Dissertation How To Make References In A Dissertation Right? When it comes to academic papers, every writer must understand the importance of references. It has many reasons to be so significant. Firstly, this is one of the main requirements for the academic writings and it serves as a final touch for the paper, showing it is completed. Secondly, this is a way you can maintain statements in the text and provide proofs for your arguments. The presence of references displays that you have done quality research and have a deep knowledge of the topic you have disclosed in the dissertation. Today we will take a closer look at â€Å"academic† or â€Å"scholar† references in academic writing and discover their peculiarities. What is academic reference? This is the type of references you add to your academic paper to direct your reader to the sources of the information you have used in the paper. It can be a citation, quotation or another way of â€Å"borrowing† thoughts from other experts. We have many options for providing references in the paper. In this article, we will take a closer look at three of them. However, they all have similar features and purposes and provide the same piece of basic info about the source of thoughts: the name of the author of the text you refer to; the name of the paper/article/book/etc.; the type of work (book, article, magazine etc.); the date of publication, edition (if you refer to the particular edition of the book, with specific features, you need to specify what copy you have used exactly as the information, used in the older versions may drastically differ from statements used in the latest copies or the structure may vary and create a confusion when reader will try to find the original source you refer to); the place of publication and the name of the publisher; extra details, if needed, to provide complete direction to the source of information that is used in your academic paper. Reasons you need to make references and when you should do so Excluding plagiarism The most significant reason to use citation is to exclude cases of plagiarism in your dissertation or any other paper. It is not forbidden to add to your work thoughts and statements of other influential experts in the field. But you can do so only with proper references for their work. This is the way you can support your own statements and give credits to the people who have inspired you in your own discoveries at the same time. Keep in mind, that references are required not only for direct quotations of someone’s words but also to other data and thoughts, even if you have paraphrased them. Some people plagiarize other works unintentionally. But still, they are under the danger to be accused of dishonest researching. We advise making references anytime you know or consider the thought in your work is the representation of some other one. Be cautious. Additional reasons Apart from the danger of being accused in plagiarism, you need to keep in mind a few more reasons to make a habit to provide references to the sources of information you use. They are important in evolving as a scholar and following policies of collective knowledge creation: provide readers with the opportunity to dig deeper and find out wider explanation of the things from your paper, which can be a thing if your work stimulates reader’s thinking. Moreover, thus us just a common scholar courtesy to display the way your thoughts were formatted clearly and understandable; providing references to the works of other scholars will show you have done deep research on the topic and display your insight into it. This may help you in convincing your readers and make your arguments sound stronger. With quotations of the reputable sources, your interpretations may become even more understandable. What system for references is better to choose? Usually, there are no many options. In most cases, you will have an opportunity to choose between parenthetical referencing and footnote referencing or their preferred parenthetical and numerical styles for Arts or Humanities subjects and for Sciences or Social Sciences respectively. As a rule, it is up to the university choice. In case you have an opportunity to choose, you need to study the â€Å"usage† passage and check the following aspects: What is the number of sources you are about to use in my work? To what extent will you use the sources: will you use a lot of data from them or just include a few thoughts from each of them to point out some trends in the field? What will you choose: paraphrasing or direct quotes? So in case, your educational institution will provide you with the freedom to choose the referring method, use this checklist to make the right choice considering specifications of your work. Ways to make effective and consistent references Systematism Working dissertation, it is obvious that you will have to use dozens or even hundreds of sources and will have to provide references to them as well. You will need to work on the bibliography section for sure to display the list of used sources. But during months or even years of work on the paper it is impossible to remember and recall all the book, articles and papers you base your research on. So it would be wise to develop a system for organizing all the materials, whether you just read them or quote. This approach will be helpful for writing the bibliography section and making in-text quotations as well. Helpful software for automatizing the process Academic writers usually have their own ways of organizing sources lists and notes for their work. They may use spreadsheets or make notes on paper. It is good to implement even these techniques. But when you work with numerous sources and for a long time, you may require additional assistance from special software for managing references. This is one of the most effective ways to store and retrieve sources. Many educational institutions provide commercial subscriptions for their workers for software like RefWorks and EndNote. But you also may use free packages of Zotero. There might be some restrictions compared to the paid versions, but still, it can serve a great deal. Usually, this type of software provides a similar list of features: the feature for organizing the database by dividing it into different folders according to the particular criteria, that is especially useful for large databases; a number of fields that collect info that is typically needed for the proper citation in the academic paper; at least one option for automated recording of the info (for instance, plugins for grabbing citation data from pages you use in your work; DOI searches for collecting citation info right from the internet; functions for importing text or XML files, or even complete databases); plugins for word processing to make in-text quotations in any footnote or parenthetical form; at least one tool for creating lists of references or bibliographies – in a text form extracted from the program or collecting data about sources from the word procession results. Using these helpers, you can save a great deal of time while you will have an easy way for cataloging, retrieving or annotating materials you use in your paper. The automated citation will help you to create the full bibliography list for your paper. But keep in mind that automated tools cannot guarantee 100% accuracy in their results. So it would be better to check the records of the program and complete them with missing data or to fix some inaccurate parts. Parenthetical references Usage This type of references is used most often in academic writing and it can be applied in various academic disciplines with minor differences considering discipline specifications. MLA and Chicago styles are usually used in disciplines of the Arts and Humanities field, particularly in the north part of USA. When it comes to Social Sciences, APA can be appropriate. But the Harvard system is the most universal option that is acceptable by most universities and disciplines globally. Parenthetical methods are usually applicable on an economic basis. With their help, the reader may quickly and without any special troubles or time-wasting find the source of the provided information in the section with all references (can be marked as â€Å"References† or â€Å"Bibliography† etc.) where all the papers you have cited are collected. Due to the fact that this style is based on economy approach, it has simplified requirements considering the author’s name. So you can specify it only if it is not clear from the context. But if your quotation looks like â€Å"Brown states that.† you can omit Brown’s name in the references a few phrases later. System based on author-date principle Most references of the parenthetical format are based on the â€Å"author-date† principle. They include the name of the author and then the year of publication. As it was stated above, you can omit the author’s name and specify only the year, in case the name is understandable from the context. Here’s an example: We can observe many complaints that we have â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown 2018, p.8) or Brown claims that â€Å"There are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (2018, p.8) The year of publication is the second main information about the source you need to specify in your referencing (after the name). This allows easy tracking of the source of the thoughts of the piece of the text and finds it in the bibliography section. The author-date principle usually creates a unique marker for each source of information. But in can the scholar has written more than one academic work in one year without specifying other dating information, and you need to use and quote each of the sources in your dissertation, so you need to make each identifier unique like â€Å"2018a† and â€Å"2018b† etc. The way you make references may differ depending on the selected format, discipline etc. For instance, we will use APA when we are assigned to write a paper on any of the Social Sciences discipline. It does not have any strict rules for mentioning page numbers as usually in such works the sources of information are rather paraphrased then cited directly. In most cases, it is just a general reference for giving credit to the inspiration and the direction for the thoughts in the paper. In the APA system, you need to specify the author’s name and the date of publication. In case you need to mention the page number, add this information at the end of the quote in a separate parenthetical note. Brown (2018) claims that â€Å"There are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (p.8) The Harvard system This citation method required separate disclosing, despite the fact it belongs to the author-date group of referencing styles. There are high chances that your university uses the Harvard system as the main citation system, or at least for some disciplines. But it is also possible, that your university may understand this system differently comparing to other educational institutions. While Chicago and MLA styles serve as detailed identifiers that have many rules for academic writing, apart from the references, Harvard method only specifies the type of info you need to add to your reference, but it has much more formatting rules. Harvard formatting differs from institution to institution and publication that apply this style. So variations may be many, but we can define basic principles that remain the same: capitalize the name of the author; referring to the page numbers, use â€Å"p.† or just add the number; separate the name of the author and the publication data with a comma; use the formatting and elements of bibliography that is specified by the university. It may be confusing, but many universities do not take into consideration these specifications. If you go to any library in any university, you will see that its referencing guide will disclose the main set of rules of Harvard System, without including elements of its variations. This will help you to identify the unique requirements and spot the ones, added by your university or software. Keep in mind this information, especially if you use the special software to automate tracking and collecting bibliography data. If you will choose the Harvard system in its settings, the high chances that the result will not match the requirements of your university. So you will need to fix some settings manually to reach the needed format. Some referencing tools offer a few variants of the Harvard system, so you can try each of them to find the most suitable option for you and your university. But still, you may need to make a few corrections as well. MLA format and features of MLA approach is even more economical in using the information in references. The main thing here is that we do not have to use dates but organize sources according to the names of the authors with minimal punctuation as well. For instance, it can look like this: We often hear complaints that there are â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown 8) In case the author has more than one work, connected to the discussed topic, you can add a reference to the particular book, but make it the shorter possible, like this: We often hear complaints that there are â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown, Education’s 8) More examples Take into account that all the references we provide in the examples are fictional and made up by us to display the main principles. In text: We often hear complaints that there are â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown 2018, 8) In the list of references: Brown, John. 2018. The Challenges of Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing. Parenthetical styles examples Chicago (author-date) MLA (Modern Language Association) Harvard APA (American Psychological Association) Footnote/endnote references and their usage Usage Method of footnote referencing is used mostly in papers in Arts and Humanities disciplines and more common in the UK and Commonwealth countries. It is suitable for direct quotes and references to the sources when it is required to provide instantly what source has been used and when you need to add some comments to the info you have used in the main text. This type of referencing usually includes page numbers if possible. The exceptions are the classical texts that may exist in various editions and in such cases it is more appropriate to refer to the particular chapter, scene, line etc. Footnoting is based on the assumption that the reader may decide to trace the source to study the context of the quote and get a deeper understanding of the thoughts in the paper. So we often can see this type of referencing in the books and articles and they usually contain bibliography references and other info about the source. Formatting and style specifications Usually, we can see the number in the superscript note (less often – parentheses) at the end of the sentence of the passage quoted or some other option to display that the text has noted. In most cases, footnotes can be found at the bottom of the page that contains the reference. It can also be an adjacent page in case there is too much text in the footer. The referencing section as a rule id separated from the main text with a horizontal line. Less often universities use the endnote approach when all the references are marked with a running number and then at the end of the paper, book etc. we have a special chapter with references and comments. The amount of details in the footnote reference usually depends on the presence or absence of the bibliography. If the is one, in a footnote we can just add the main info to track the original source in the bibliography section. It can be the name of the paper and its author’s name and the particular page where the quote is. Footnote is the unique style as it allows using bibliography as well with the sources of quotations. You also can add to the footnote any other source and information that is important for the deeper understanding of the paper your work on, whether you cited it or not. In some cases, footnote referencing does not imply the bibliography section at the end of the paper. This means that all the details about the source of information must be added to the footnote. At the same time, two the most popular styles Oxford and MHRA usually require that all possible bibliographic details were mentioned in the footnote as well as in the bibliography section in the alphabetic order. Sometimes MHRA allows omitting of the general bibliography, but often universities require creating it anyway. Considering this, the short note is allowed (containing the author’s name, title and the page of reference) to be added to the footnote after the source was mentioned and introduced before. Examples In text: Brown often complaints that â€Å"There are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research†. 1 In the footer: Brown, John. 2018. The Challenges of the Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing (Oxford: Scholars Press, 2018), p. 8. In the list of references: Brown, John. 2018. The Challenges of the Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing (Oxford: Scholars Press, 2018). Footnote style examples MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association); Oxford; Chicago (footnote style). Numbered reference styles Usage Numbered referencing style is most common in scientific works. They are perfect for cases when there are too many sources of information and they are used brief or paraphrased and when you use more than 5 sources to prove one point or statement but without direct quotations (or without it at all). Numbered collection of the references in bibliographic records are the best options for cases when there are too many sources and even the shortest parenthetical approaches will lead to the often and long interruption of the main text. Format and features Every source you use in your work has its unique number in the bibliography depending on the appearance order in the text. The definite number is inserted in the main text in parentheses (not in a superscript way like in footnotes) and when in the further text you refer to this source, you use the same number for referencing to it. At the end of the paper, you will have to collect all the references in one list in the respective order. Numbered references are suitable for the texts where there are many numbers and terms and you may need many references or even hyperlinks to explain them. Examples In text: Scholars often complain that there are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research. (1-4) In the list of references: Brown, J. The Challenges of the Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing. Oxford: Scholars Press, 2018. Examples of numerical styles One of the most standardized styles of numerated referencing is Vancouver style. But more often you can hear mentioning only â€Å"numerated referencing† without specifying Vancouver style. As well as Harvard style, this method of making references may be altered depending on the university requirements, time of publication and other factors. But the unique Vancouver style of referencing will remain the same and you may use it as a starting point to organize a large number of references in your paper. Changes in referencing approaches – e-sources and DOI The DOI style, or A Digital Object Identifier, is standardized and currently a very common method for making references to the online sources. This is like the connection between an ISBN and a URL. It is a unique and stable identifier that marks the particular source in electronic format and allows looking for it in the database. URL features are in its functioning as the â€Å"address† to the source and make it possible to found it quickly. Most of the articles published today online use DOI method. The main info of the DOI is collected in the centralized database as metadata. This is a very convenient option for those, who use referencing software. All you need is to input the DOI of the article and the system will collect the required bibliographic data. But the most convenient feature is that the metadata is being regularly updated so the unique DOI will contain the relevant URL and other info about the article. Type http://dx.doi.org/ before any DOI identifier and it will find the most suitable place in the article for reference. If the source is open, it will direct to the page where the full article is available. In other cases, it will lead to the login page or any other page that will help you to get access to the original source. The referencing techniques are still in the process of incorporating DOI. However, recent editions of APA and MLA now contain guidelines for using DOI as the references and even make it possible to exclude some details about the source of your reference have DOI.