Analyzing Psychological Disorders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing Psychological Disorders - Term Paper Example Courses of treatment based on this model are proposed in both case studies. In the end, this paper points to the more balanced perspective of biopsychology as offering more possibilities for effective treatment of mental illness. Introduction The human body is a team of components working together as a whole entity. Therefore, in understanding mental illness, we must not compartmentalize as separate functions the biological and experiential processes operating in persons presenting themselves to us with psychological issues. The experience of a person offers an environment, a history, and a perspective essential to a thorough understanding of his biological components. The biological processes of the human body are essential in the understanding and treatment of mental illness especially the central nervous system, brain functioning, and neurotransmitter activity. Their interactions have a crucial impact on a person’s psychological health, affecting how he or she perceives and lives life. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is the most complex of the mental illnesses in its causality, symptomology, and treatment. Yet, an understanding of the neurological and biological functioning of the brain can not only assist medical professionals in finding and applying the best treatments, but also assist patients in coping with the illness in a positive and productive way. (Frese, 1993) The most common symptoms of schizophrenia include: auditory hallucinations, delusions of persecution and/or control or delusions of grandeur, disorganized thinking and speech, flat affect (consistently showing little or no emotion), and inappropriate behavior (such as social isolation or catatonia). (See Pinel pg. 457) Two of these symptoms must be present for at least 30 days to meet criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and ideally a thorough physical examination including diagnostic testing should be administered to rule out any other possible diagnoses. (Haycock, 2009) Som e of the diagnostic testing that includes brain imaging technologies such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography) scans has also clearly shown that the frontal and temporal lobes and the amygdala are the areas of the brain most altered in schizophrenia patients. (Kircher, et al. 2006, pg 302) Studies that include brain imaging technologies have shown that the connectivity between these regions of the brain is dysfunctional. (Tregallas, 2009) They have also shown both gray and white brain matter volume abnormalities in schizophrenic patients. (Lim, 2007) In addition, there are also abnormalities in the neurotransmitter systems regulating brain function; the first discovered abnormality being the presence and transmission of dopamine. The neural basis for understanding and treating schizophrenia began with the â€Å"dopamine theory† (see Pinel, pg 458) that schizophrenia is caused by excessively high dopamine levels in the brain. As research c ontinued in the effects of the drugs given to schizophrenia patients, it was discovered that while some drugs deplete the supply of dopamine, others bind themselves to dopamine receptors effectively blocking the ability of dopamine to activate them. This blocking of the dopamine activity sends a signal to the brain to produce more dopamine which is then broken down in the synapse resulting in an

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Management - Essay Example Enron was a Fortune 500 company and was in #7 in 2001 was deleted from New York Stock Exchange. According to the mangers of Enron who reviewed the accounts of the company, during California energy crisis Enron has kept undisclosed reserves of up to $1.5 billion in trading profits. Enron came under fire from politicians of price gouging. The hidden reserves would have doubled the Enron's reported profits. It is also reported that Enron manipulated reports on reserves to have steady profit growth to Wall Street and credit rating agencies. The executives also claimed that the reserves were held back and used to fulfil the political and financial ends. In 1990 Enron reported its total revenue as $10 billion and in the next subsequent ten years it grew by $101 billion. It emerged as one of the fast growing companies in the United States. The main reasons for its collapse is not due to the core energy operations but the company's new ventures in dot com sector and investments Internet and communication business. According to investigators of the security of exchange commission gone into investigate the case, have interviewed witnesses to come to a conclusion that the methods or practices violated the laws for doctoring quarterly earning refers to start cookie jar reserves. The existence of Enron reserves puts strange twist to it.

Nuclear Power As A Green Energy Source Environmental Sciences Essay

Nuclear Power As A Green Energy Source Environmental Sciences Essay In todays society, nuclear energy is a high demanded source of energy. It provides electricity to households and businesses with electricity efficiently for it to be able to run. It is viewed by various political and non political groups as hazardous, threat to climate change such as global warming, and not a sustainable source of energy. Their view of producing electricity and other sources energy is to be produced from renewable sources such as wind turbines and solar power. Many researchers argue that the threat to environment from the production of nuclear energy is not the case and in fact less harmful to the globe and produces less greenhouse gases (Dawson 2003, 34), some like to see that nuclear energy has a zero carbon emission. Nuclear energy is viewed as a cost effective way of producing electricity compared to coal burning which was seen to be expensive and huge threat to the environment. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this report is to consider whether or not nuclear power can indeed be seen as a green and sustainable green source of energy. 1.2 Scope This report considers what nuclear power is, the future energy demand in relation to global warming, the advantages of nuclear energy, disadvantages of nuclear energy such as the effects of the environment, whether it can be seen as a green solution in producing energy, and a sustainable source of energy. 1.3 Sources and Methods Information was collected from books, scholarly journal articles, green peace and greenies internet website. Nuclear Power Nuclear power is energy that is produced for the purpose of proving electricity for domestic, industrial, and other industry use (Hodgson 1999, 51). The cycle of producing energy involves mining the uranium ores, converting for fuel, enrichment, fabrication, the production of a power plant, operating, uranium processing, and waste disposal (Fthenakis and Kim 2006, 2552; Lillington 2009, 94). It is made up of a material called uranium which goes through a number of processes until is it stacked inside fuel rods. These fuel rods are then used to produce heat and steam which allows the nuclear reactor to produce energy (Fthenakis and Kim 2006, 2552). Nuclear power is seen as a hazardous process of producing electricity (Hultman 2008, 41; Greenpeace. 2010; The Greens 2010). Others view as a way of strategy to reduce greenhouse gases (Pasztor 1991, 98) and providing economic stability (Green 2008, 15). As mentioned before, environmental groups such as Greenpeace and political parties for example the Australian Greens party have fought against organisations in the matter of nuclear power and have accusing them of being the main problem for global warming. However society heavily relies on nuclear power and sees this as a demand or simply a necessity for them to use in their daily lives. Nuclear power is easy to produce, it can provide a large supply of electricity nuclear power and sees this as a demand or simply a necessity for them to use in their daily lives. Nuclear power is easy to produce, it can provide a large supply of electricity nuclear power and sees this as a demand or simply a necessity for them to use in their daily lives. Nuclear power is easy to produce; it can provide a large supply of electricity, and is very efficient if providing the demand for electricity (Sovacool 2008, 3). The use of renewable sources of energy from solar and wind would not be enough to provide energy to a house. In fact it cannot power two 60 watt light bulbs for a whole day. Future Energy Demand Nuclear power is considered to be a future energy demand in terms of carbon emissions which is related to global warming (Pasztor 1991, 105; Kessides 2009, 323). With the high demand for electricity to improve living standards, many countries are still constructing and operating nuclear plants to generate nuclear energy (Pasztor 1991, 105; Green 2008, 15; Hodgson 1999, 119). This is due to increase of population, a rise in incomes in countries which develop increases the energy demand. During 2008, the United States had approved another 30 reactors to be built (Green 2008, 15). Countries such as Germany, France, and Japan have made investments to improve their processing activities in which this will result in lower quantities of plutonium and uranium needed to generate nuclear power (Pasztor 1991, 103). As of 2005, there were twenty countries that depended on nuclear energy for the use of electricity. It is seen as a dependable source of energy that has no emission of carbon. This a lso includes the stage during the processing with fossil fuels (Lorenzini 2005, 33). In the context of global warming, research conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) show that nuclear power should be retained because it is seen as a production of energy that is carbon free (Dawson 2003, 34). Advantages Looking at the element Uranium, one pound of it contains the same energy of one millions of coal (Lorenzini 2005, 33). This means less mining activity for Uranium and requiring less energy. It is seen as been a low carbon emitter, according to Pasztor (1991, 98) it can be considered as an alternative source of energy in greenhouse gas reduction strategies. During the production of nuclear energy it is show that small amounts of air pollution along with acidic gases are created during the combustion stage of the fossil fuels (Pasztor 1991, 98). It which this can be a better alternative for producing electricity then coal. However according to Mortimer (1991, 76) nuclear power is found to offer less than its advocates imply. This is when its looked more into it. Again we can also take into account Jan Murray who represented the Uranium Institute who supports the fact the carbon dioxide is not produced by nuclear power (Mortimer 1991, 76). The sustainable development commission mentions that the production of nuclear energy can be seen as a low carbon emission (Kennedy 2007, 3710). Many organisations are currently investing in improved nuclear energy production which can be seen as a positive view, in which this will lead to a decrease in carbon emission (Kennedy 2007, 3710). Building more nuclear plants can see a reduction of gas consumption. At times when there is a shortage, large industries can take advantage of the reduction of gas for their benefit. This means a low impact on the environment, this leads to saving energy and requiring less mining, transport, and exploration (Kennedy 2007, 3711). When it comes to nuclear waste, the coal waste is seen to be more hazardous. It includes been hazardous to the environment and to our health. However nuclear power is less harmful and better for the environment (Lorenzini 2005, 34). Disadvantages For nuclear power to be produced, first a nuclear station needs to be constructed. Constructing requires concrete, aluminium, steel, diesel to operate machinery, and copper. In which they do require a large amount of it (Fthenakis and Kim 2007, 2553). The materials required for the construction is gathered from mainly mining activities. In which it is seen that mining does play a role in environmental pollution and emission of greenhouse gases (Kennedy 2007, 3711). As from 2006 cost analysis report, it is estimated to cost 2.8 billion pounds to construct a plant (Kennedy 2007, 3708). The use of Uranium to fuel the nuclear power plant are seen as highly radioactive, fuel is either disposed or reprocessed in storage casks or in pools. However the United States as having the majority of pants in the world ( ), it does not consider reprocessing fuels. Some claim to have less emission and not a contributor to global warming (Mortimer 1991, 76). However during the enrichment, operation, an d production stages of the nuclear cycle. It requires a lot of energy in order for the stages to function (Fthenakis and Kim 2007, 2553). The end of the life cycle is still accounted for greenhouse pollution. All power stations and industries that relate to it have an effect on the environment (Hodgson 1999, 117). These effects are seen as a huge impact on our health and landscape that is used for mining which can lead to destruction to the land (Hodgson 1991, 119). As mentioned before, we produce more energy to improve our living, but pollution is produced during the cycle of the nuclear power which brings our living of standard down (Hodgson 1991, 119). Generation of nuclear power produces waste which is dangerous and seen as a global problem. Usually wastes are buried underground and has a mass effect to the earth. Care is not usually taken (Hodgson 1991, 123) in which the effect of radiation pollution can occur. 6.1 Chernobyl and Three Mile Island Looking at the Chernobyl and the Three Mile Island incident (Greenpeace International 2010) these incidents lead a huge contamination to the water supply and cause of deaths in Ukraine due to radioactive pollution. The people of Ukraine have also suffered from birth defects and other cancerous illness due to the proper care not taken into place (Adamantiades and Kessides 2009, 5160). Green Energy The question is raised earlier one is whether nuclear power can be seen as green source of energy. The world has witnessed tragic incidents such as the Chernobyl and Hiroshima in which nuclear power had made a huge effect to the globe (Tilson 1996, 63; Damian 1992, 597). To some certain areas, it can be considered as a green source of energy. Adamantiades and Kessides (2009, 5151) mention that nuclear power has shown that it can avoid effects of fossil fuel pollutants. Eliminating coal and replacing with uranium would put less harm to the environment and lower the greenhouse gas emissions. The more nuclear power used to produce energy can help to reduce the use of such minerals such as lignite, hard coal, and oil. As these minerals are harmful for the environment it would mean less used in exchange for nuclear power. Lorenzini mentions that nuclear power is better for the environment and health compared to other minerals such as coal (Lorenzini 2005, 34). However political groups suc h as The Australian Greens Party argue that nuclear power is not a solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (The Australian Greens 2010). Also Greenpeace international claims that the use of nuclear power is a risk to humanity and the environment (Greenpeace International 2010) but Lorenzini (2005, 38) argues that the goals of nuclear power is ease the pressure on land use along with the environmental problems thats occur and eliminate emissions that contribute to climate change and human health issues. The debate on whether nuclear power is green is difficult to answer as the positives views are equal to the negative views. Sustainable Energy The question whether nuclear power can be seen as sustainable source of energy has been. As Lorenzini mentions (2005, 36) sustainability of nuclear power depends on an adequate approach to nuclear waste. This is often difficult due to the difficulties in looking for a suitable site for waste to be deposed. However the nuclear industry has faced this problem of waste disposal on whether it should disposed or reprocessed (Adamantiades and Kessides 2009, 5166). Nuclear waste is either placed in ceramic or glass containers and then taken to an appropriate area for disposal. Due to the Hazardous radiation, Uranium needs to be disposed straight after electricity is produced to in order to have a less effect on the environment (Greenpeace 2010). This is five years after the power plant has cooled down the waste in its pool in order to prevent it from melting down. Nuclear power can seen as not been sustainable, due to the fact that there is no way safe way of disposing it. Conclusion To conclude this report, we have mainly identified the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power in todays society. A lot of improvements have been made on nuclear power in terms of its performance and harm to the environment. We can see that nuclear energy is a step to been green and is replacing use of coal to provide electricity. However nuclear power is not a sustainable source of energy. As it is difficult to find storage places and the effect it has on the environment once its transferred for cooling. Many groups such as The Australian Greens Party and Greenpeace International are totally against this measure and see this as burden to the environment and to our health. But one question that is raised is that why that is these groups target nuclear power when other sources of generators such as coal are heavily used to provide electricity. Overall nuclear power is a source of energy that we heavily depend on (Sovacool 2008, 2). Renewable sources of energy from solar and wind need to be improved in order to provide the required amount of electricity that a household would require.

The 360-Degree Performance Evaluation is More Effective than the Standa

Performance Evaluations as an Effective Measuring Tool There are several types of evaluations used by public and non-public organizations. Unusually, performance evaluations consist of the employee and the supervisor. However, the 360 Degree Performance requires more than the supervisor’s perspective. It should also include the co-worker’s point of view (by answering a simple set of questions). This evaluation enforces accountability and produces self-worth and a sense of fairness. Many performance evaluations are limited. However, in using the 360 Degree Performance as a measuring tool, it has been found to be a more accurate way to evaluate an employee’s work performance. The issue is whether or not performance evaluations are an effective measuring tool for evaluating an employee’s knowledge and skills within the organization. Better yet, should employers use performance evaluations at all, or should they design personal organizational goals for each employee? This research paper will examine the effectiveness of performance evaluations, from a narrow point of view (standardize evaluation) to a boarder outlook (360 degree performance evaluation), and by enforcing the accountability from management and the staff, in meeting the overall organizational goal. Article 27 (1) http://www.upte.org/tx/contract/art27perfeval.html defines performance evaluation as â€Å"a constructive process to acknowledge the performance of a non-probationary career employee. An employee’s evaluation shall be sufficiently specific to inform and guide the employee in the performance of her/his duties. Performance evaluation is not in and of itself a disciplinary procedure.† This procedure is usually provided by the Human Resource Depa... ...ss. Drucker, Peter F. (1993). Post-Capitalist Society. New York: HarperCollins Fox J. & Klein, C. (1996). The 360-Degree Evaluation: If You Pay for Performance, Get Co-Workers in On Performance Reviews. Public Management,78 (11),p20. Hayward, Charles, Center for Leadership Development, â€Å"Philosophy and Approach†. Web 13 April 2015 http://www.teamcld.com/Philosophy.htm Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. – Middletown, â€Å"Best Practice: 360 Degree Feedback Performance Appraisal/Merit System, December 17, 1999. Web 13 April 2015 http://www.bmpcoe.org/bestpractices/external/mash/mash_18.html Panoramic Feedback, â€Å"Objectives of Multi-Source Feedback†, 1998-2000. Web 13 April 2015 http://www.panoramicfeedback.com/internal/objective.htm Quinn, S. (1998). Putting the Human Back into Human Resources. Public Management, 80(9),p23.

Comparative Essay: Landscape

STAGE 5: PDM – COMPARATIVE ESSAY (Landscape) Landscape artworks are a significant component in the expression of art, it is a well-established genre used extensively throughout the global art industry. Traditionally the principle subject of a landscape composition was to successfully portray a scenic view realistically, but evidently as observed over time has progressed. As demonstrated in contemporary artworks, cultural influences, technological advances and other aspects have contributed to the development of the landscape genre. The persisting genre of landscape art has gradually evolved overtime in order to achieve the different objectives of modern artists in the art-world, including a considerable motion towards landscape expressionism over realism. Bill Henson and Fred Williams are examples of artists, whom have extensively explored the landscape theme and possess a considerable understanding of the style, both employ landscape as a source of insight to compose their artworks but there are notable variations between the two artists and how they apply individual techniques. This contrast can be distinguished in the painting by Williams and the photo captured by Henson. The selected artwork by Williams is a painting, comprised as a piece of a Landscape Series, which is a succession of Australian Landscape depictions. Oil paints stretched on canvas was used to compose the painting, as opposed to Henson’s Type â€Å"C† colour photograph. The chosen sample work by Henson though denied a title; is a piece of his Untitled Series [2001-2002]. As recognised in many artworks including Williams’ landscape, oil paints on canvas is a renowned art medium. A subtle or progressive blending of colours can be achieved with oil paints by the artist when required, furthering the intensity and vastness of an artwork. Vibrant depths can also be produced by this medium, complimented by natural lustre and distinctive contrast between shade and tone. Whereas Type â€Å"C† colour photograph, applied to Henson’s photograph is merely a colour photographic print, lacking digital manipulation. It involves the process of exposing the three different layers to various colours in order to adjust or emphasise the composition of colour. This process can be achieved both manually and digitally to adjust the colour balance of a print. Two well-established artists, evidently existing in differing art media and with separate artistic intentions, apply differently the processes they use to achieve their purpose. As identified within the artwork by Williams, the paint was thickly and spontaneously applied on the canvas in order to visually represent a natural landscape, which mainly consisted of woodland. Progressive but solid strokes were also used predominantly to compose the artwork, furthering the aspect of abstract within the image produced. In comparison to Williams’ painting, the photograph captured by Henson is of a traditional process, employing Type â€Å"C† colour photograph. Within the artwork there is, though limited, inclusion of artificial components or manipulation of the image to assist his artistic intention. Within the art industry there are many styles and ways to approach the subject matter of an artwork, more generally these include structural and subjective components. The identified landscape sample by Williams is a respectable example of abstract art, encompassing a number of structural elements that cooperate to achieve the main purpose of the artist work. For example the use of contrasting colours, such as orange and blue in approach of the abstract style, and the use of visual language are applied to create a focused composition. A subjective element including the form of atmosphere and theme imposes a sense of an unconformity, and represents the vastness of the landscape, through exaggeration of the natural features within the artwork. As opposed to Williams’ landscape artwork, the image captured by Henson is considered realism but potentially expressionism. In consideration of the structural aspects that contribute to the approach to the subject matter, the composition of colours used presents to the audience an intense situation generally circulating the notion of weather. The photograph is an establishing-shot taken of the natural environment, focusing dominantly on the physical elements of nature, aspects such as the light is provided from a natural source that contributes to the instinctive interpretation. Also an oppressive atmosphere is presented by the subjective element; this is also contributed to by the colour and the appearance of weather. The intentions of an artist are essential in art making, whether it be painting or photography, by applying different art techniques and styles the purpose can be achieved effectively or as how it is intended by the artist. In Williams’ untitled painting it depicts an abstract, Australian landscape, through this Williams intends to reveal or exhibit the vastness of the Australian environment. It informs the audience of Williams’ interpretation of the subject matter, and emphasises on the intensity of the setting through the structure of colours and shades, imposing a fierce atmosphere. This can also be a representation of Australia’s dry climate, and potentially the fire hazard that Australia constantly exists in. And the trees are an indication of the life that exists in Australia, the use of contrasting colours – in respect to blue and orange – demonstrates this; the composed blue appeasing the rampant orange. Henson’s photograph of a natural environment exposes to the audience an element of weather, more specifically oppressed by the natural element. The use of contrasting colours – generally black and white – allows this to be done effectively, showing more prominently the inconsistency of the weather. And confided by the clouds a collapse of light exists; similarly to a concept of a ‘silver lining’ in relation to this visual language, that there is a glimpse of hope to escape the oppressive circumstances. As established from Fred Williams’ and Bill Henson’s artworks, it is evident that landscape has been a prominent and recognised genre throughout the art industry. But in accordance to the style and the artist’s intentions such landscapes are illustrated in various ways through different manners and techniques, exposing the vastness of the genre.

Epics: Gilgamesh and Joseph

Archetypes in literature serve as basic models or ideal examples of the human thoughts, feelings, and reactions which underlie and determine a vast variety of human experiences (Kluger, 1991, p. 16). Both, the stories of Gilgamesh and Joseph, are pregnant with rich archetypal imagery. They allow us perspective on the universal human condition, while also providing personally applicable insight and exploration. Gilgamesh Through Gilgamesh’s adventures, timeless themes of heroism, providence, love, friendship, and immortality are presented in a story of character growth. Gilgamesh possesses a potential for greatness that is realized through his friendship with Enkidu and his quests for renown and immortality† (Chastain, 2004, pg. 286). His journey begins in Uruk, where he reigns as a selfish and tyrannical king but ultimately, his journey brings him home to Uruk as a wiser, nobler king. He is an archetype of flawed heroism – undeniably courageous, but also undeniabl y imperfect. Using his famed fighting skills, he exploits the men of his own country and takes their brides at whim. The people of Uruk become so outraged at this indecency that they implore the gods for help. Anu and the goddess Arurur answer their pleas in the form of a man named Enkidu, who is equipped to rival the strength of Gilgamesh. Ironically, what the people and gods fashion for Gilgamesh’s demise, becomes his salvation. The gods are, in fact, successful in checking the king’s unbecoming behavior, but in an unexpected means. This is archetypal providence at work in the divine. Epics 3 Endiku doesn’t rise up and defeat the mighty warrior-king in one fatal swoop, instead he ends up befriending him. Their first meeting typifies their relationship: Gilgamesh intends to enter a bride’s chamber to defile her, Endiku stands at the doorway to refuse his entrance. They wrestle fiercely, equally matched. Endiku manages to derail the king’s unseemly intentions and win his affection in the process. Through their relationship, love typifies itself as a powerful motivator for change. Both characters evolve and mature through their shared friendship. Endiku transitions from a wild man into a noble man, who enjoys royalty and battles bravely. Once, he socialized only with animals, but he soon developed into a devoted man willing to lay his life down for a fellow human being. Gilgamesh slows his lustful pursuit of women and realizes authentic love through friendship. His self-centeredness dissipates as he grieves heartily seven days and seven nights over the loss of his dear friend. The untimely demise of Enkidu causes him to face his own vulnerability. He remembers the horrors of the Underworld as relayed by his friend and suddenly experiences the archetypical fear of death, which leads him to the archetypical quest for immortality. His bereavement turns into a determined expedition for eternal life. After ordering the erection of a statue dedicated to his companion, his mission began. After several failed attempts, the story’s hero is unable to beat death; it is inevitable and approaching. Ultimately, he must learn to content himself with the legacy he’ll leave rather than the escape of an afterlife. However, all is not lost. Although, he does not return to Uruk with everlasting life for himself and his people, he does return as a much improved despot. Each journey he undertook shaped and evolved his character. Epic 4 Joseph Joseph’s story, according to the biblical Old Testament narrative, is powerfully inspiring. It is the record of one man’s ascension from pit to palace. He overcomes obstacles, injustice and hardship with grace and honor. Ultimately, every wrong is compensated with wildly unexpected success and wealth. Through it all, is the unmistakable mark of divine providence. There is a â€Å"behind-the-scenes presence of One whose Hand guides every event, small or large, from beginning to end† (Westermann, 1996, pg. iii). This sense of orchestration and heavenly aid lends insight to a very personally involved Deity. Another striking element in Joseph’s story is the relentless scope of his morality. He endures temptation after temptation with holy resolve. Although he suffers harm for the purity of his integrity, he remains loyal to decency nonetheless. Not only was Joseph moral, apparently, he w as likeable. He won the favor of many throughout his lifetime, beginning with his parents. He was the highly favored son of his father, Jacob, and this bias was not veiled from his brothers. Their jealousy escalated so remarkably that they sought to kill him. They threw him into a pit while callously eating their lunch and plotting his murder. However, through the intervention of an older brother, Reuben, they opted instead to sell him to traveling merchants. Through this cruel betrayal, Joseph landed in Egypt as slave to a wealthy official named Potiphar. He excelled in his environment and advanced quickly. â€Å"Joseph found favor in his eyes and became his attendant. Potiphar put him in charge of his household, Epics 5 nd he entrusted to his care everything he owned† (Genesis 39:4, New International Version). From the moment he was put in charge, God blessed Potiphar’s household for Joseph’s sake. In the midst of favor and excellence, injustice reentered the scene in the form of Potiphar’s wife. Steadfast in his ethical obligation, Joseph refused the wife’s sexual allurement. This infuriated the jilted seductress and caused her to la sh out vindictively. She wrongfully accused Joseph of the very act he refused to commit. Once again, his life changed immediately in the heat of another’s scorn. He was promptly imprisoned. â€Å"But while Joseph was there in the prison, the LORD was with him; He showed him kindness and granted him favor in the eyes of the prison warden† (Genesis 37:19-20). Whether in a pit or in a prison, Joseph remained tethered to the bigger element of destiny. Providence used every scenario to nurture his latent aptitude in preparation for his eventual position of elevated authority. As in the preceding circumstances, Joseph proved himself trustworthy and was given a position of leadership within the prison. He was faithful and successful in all under his care. God blessed his labor. Joseph didn’t remain in the king’s dungeon long before divine purpose began drawing him out of injustice a second time. Trusting God, he interprets the dream of a prisoner under his care. He predicts that the man will soon be freed to return to the King’s palace as chief cupbearer. In return for such good news, Joseph asks that the cupbearer remember him and advocate his plight before the king. In gross negligence, the cupbearer forgets Joseph. It seems that he is the victim of inequality yet once again but two years later, Joseph is remembered. At the cupbearer’s insistence, Joseph is summoned to interpret the King’s dream. Giving God credit for any potential achievement, Joseph begins interpretation – a feat which no other man in Pharaoh’s court could manage. The king was so impressed by Joseph’s answer and demeanor that he immediately bestowed the young thirty-year-old with royal authority: Since God has made all this known to you, there is no one so discerning and wise as you. You shall be in charge of my palace, and all my people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you. (Genesis 41:39-40) The cycle of discrimination, favor and blessing had repeated itself once again. The two constants in Joseph’s many surprising adventures were the hand of God and tenacious morality. Even at the pinnacle of his success and power, Joseph chose goodness over vengeful reciprication. A dire famine in the region set the stage for a climatic final confrontation between Joseph and the brothers who betrayed him so long ago. They came to him in Egypt, unknowingly, pleading for rations. Joseph’s position of command allowed him many possible reactions –anger, retaliation, intimidation- but he chose forgiveness and generosity. He reveals himself to his brothers through heavy tears and warm embraces. Their fateful reunion was complete in perfect absolution. Joseph’s journey from the pit to the palace, taught him dependence on God, the trustworthy, omniscient One. He remained dedicated to hope and faith and was not disappointed. In the end, he was able to see purpose in every trial and deific direction in every season. He was able to say: â€Å"But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good† (Genesis 50:20, King James Version).

Local # portability essays

Local # portability essays On November 22, 2003 the Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.) Mandated a law called Local Number Portability or L.N.P. On that day on which L.N.P. came into effect, wireless customers swarmed into local Verizon Wireless retail stores nationwide. The porting process can take anywhere from three hours to three days depending on the original service provider and when that service provider releases the number for use by a new carrier. One particular customer in the Verizon store where I work ported his number on the 22nd of November. However, his phone did not yet port over as late as the first week of December. This was a difficult problem because the customer had to carry two phones for two weeks and was also being billed by two carriers. At the time I realized that if I wanted this customer to continue doing business with my store. I would have to do something quick to satisfy him with our service and to his portability dilemma. First, I had to make sure the port would go through. To solve this problem, I called Verizon Wireless and spoke with a dealer support representative. I explained the problem and insisted that if the port did not go through, the customer would cancel service and return with his original service provider. Knowing that the customer would cancel, the representative made several calls and within minutes the number ported over. I also let the Verizon representative know that I believed that the customer should not have to pay for service he was not able to use . In the end, the representative gave a credit to the customer for one month service. The next thing needed to be taken care of was the bill ...

Brand Management

Brand Management Introduction Principle products account for a sizeable percentage of a company’s profits. Companies use various strategies to improve the competitiveness of their products. Branding is one of the major strategies that companies use to improve the competitiveness of their products.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Brand Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brand recognition makes customers associate with the product.1 Companies may employ several branding strategies. A company may use a certain line of products that uses a similar brand name. A bastion brand is the most profitable product in the product line. Competitors may try to undercut the bastion brand by offering other products that compete with it using price or quality. This necessitates companies that own the bastion brands to formulate strategies that would help in tackling competition from rivals. Companies may use flanker brands to impro ve their competitiveness.2 The purpose of flanker brands is to pre-empt competition from rivals. In addition, flanker brands help in covering the market more efficiently. Intel is one of the companies that use flanker brands to tackle competition from rivals. Intel used the Celeron to overcome competition from AMD’s K6 chips. Celeron was a cheaper version Pentium, which was the company’s premium brand. However, there is no guarantee that this strategy would be successful. GM’s Saturn is a clear illustration of how failure of flanker brands may affect a company. GM lost billions of dollars due to the failure of Saturn. Therefore, it is vital for companies to use an efficient strategy in launching flanker brands. Companies must ensure that flanker brands are profitable. This would guarantee the long-term stability of the company. Flanker Brands It is vital for companies to respond to attacks by competitors. Competitors may offer products that have unique attribute s that may enable it to conquer the market. Therefore, failure to respond to the attacks would risk the company’s image and brand equity. Using flanker brands is one of the most efficient strategies that companies use to tackle threats from competitors. Flanker brands help in insulating the original brand from threats posed by rivals.3 A war metaphor is the source of the flanker brand name. A flanker brand helps in protecting a bastion brand from rival brands. The major aim of the flanker brand is to overcome competition from rivals. The major characteristic of flanker brands is the fact that they reduce the need for bastion brands to change their focus. This enables a company to maintain its customers.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Companies often use a flanker brand if rivals develop low-cost products that strive to weaken the market position of the bastion brand. Failure to respond to the rival products would reduce the profitability of the bastion brand.4 A flanker brand offers stiff resistance to the entry of rival products in the market. This helps in protecting the competitiveness and profitability of the bastion brand. Intel Intel is most dominant company in the computer chips market. Intel used a flanker brand to overcome low-cost products from rivals successfully. Pentium chips are the most successful products of the company. During the late 1990s, Intel faced competitors that threatened the company’s market dominance. AMD is one of the companies that threatened Intel’s market dominance. AMD’s K6 chips were much cheaper than Intel’s computer chips. This enabled the chips to have a better chance of capturing the emerging low-cost PC market. Therefore, it was vital for Intel to devise a strategy that would counter the rival. This would help in protecting Intel’s brand equity. Intel crea ted the Celeron to counter competition from AMD. Celeron was a cheaper version of Intel’s Pentium chips, which had limited capabilities. It enabled Intel to overcome competition from AMD.5 Celeron’s success led to the creation of a new market segment. Intel is the dominant player in this market segment. Celeron is currently one of the major brands of the company. It accounts for a sizeable percentage of the company’s revenue. Therefore, using a flanker brand enabled the company to increase its profitability. Figure 1. Intel’s Pentium processorAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on Brand Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advantages of Flanker Brands Flanker brands increase the number of products that a company offers. This increases the shelf space that a company gets in various retail outlets. Intel’s use of this strategy led to the creation of a new product. Celeron incr eased the product range of the company. Using flanker brands enables a company to improve its brand equity. This is because flanker brands increase the product range of the company.6 Intel used the Celeron to improve Pentium’s brand awareness. This increased Pentium’s competitiveness. Flanker brands enable a company to capture brand switchers. Brand switchers are customers who are not loyal to a particular brand. Therefore, they may alternate purchases between different brands. Flanker brands improve a company’s stability and profitability. Celeron increased Intel’s product range. In addition, the ability of Celeron to compete on different fronts enabled Intel to capture brand switchers. Flanker brands enable a company to improve its profitability. In some instances, successful venture of the flanker brands into the market may lead to the creation of new bastion brands. Successful venture of Celeron into the market made the product become part of Intelâ⠂¬â„¢s profitable bastion brands. This increased the profitability of the company. Flanker brands enable a company to protect its bastion brand. Companies usually assign a unique name to the flanker brands. This limits the risk that the bastion brand may face if the flanker brand fails.7 Celeron was the name of Intel’s flanker brand. Therefore, failure of Celeron would not have adverse effects on Pentium. Flanker brands enable companies that have high quality products to introduce low quality products without diluting the brand name of the high quality products. The high quality products continue being the company’s principle products. Intel introduced Celeron without compromising Pentium’s brand name. Pentium was the high quality product of the company. Therefore, it enabled the company to compete with low quality products from rivals. Disadvantages of Flanker Brands Inefficiency of this branding strategy may increase the risks that bastion brands of a company may face. Failure of the bastion brands may have huge repercussion on the company. This is because the company may have taken many years to build the brand image of the bastion brand. Therefore, it is vital for a company to use an efficient flanker brand strategy.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flanker brands lead to the creation of new products. This may distract the company from the values and associations of the bastion brand due to the wide variety of new products. This would ultimately reduce the competitiveness of the bastion brand. Flanker brands may lead to loss of economies of scale. They may also increase the costs of brand management. This is because flanker brands increase the number of brands of a company. Competition between in-house brands may necessitate a company to offer sub-optimal prices for the products. This would reduce the competitiveness of the company. Failure of Flanker Brands In the business world, failure of business strategies is very common. For every successful flanker brand strategy, there are various cases of failure of the strategy. General Motors’ Saturn is one case that illustrates the failure of a flanker brand strategy. General Motors intended to use the Saturn to counter the entry of Japanese imports into the market.8 However, Saturn led to the loss billions of dollars, which helped in destroying GM. GM launched Saturn in 1990. During the initial period, Saturn was very successful. By 1996, orders of Saturn had surpassed the company’s production capacities. This was testament to the success of the product in fighting cheap Japanese imports, which were more fuel-efficient. However, Saturn’s success did not solve some of the problems that were inherent in the brand since its onset. The initial cost of setting up Saturn was $5 billion. However, GM offered Saturn at very low prices. The prices of the vehicle were unable to cater for the huge operational costs of its manufacturing plant. By 2000, GM was losing $3,000 on every sale of a Saturn vehicle. The huge losses necessitated the closure of the Saturn plant. 9 Failure of Saturn had great repercussions to GM. The company lost valuable time in building a brand that strived to fight cheap Japanese imports. In so doing, GM made huge strategic sh ifts that affected the entire company. In addition, Saturn made GM lose billions of dollars, which would have greatly benefited the company if it had invested the finances in other areas. Failure of Saturn tarnished GM’s brand image. Failure of Saturn provides an explanation to the current woes facing GM. GM has been unable to recapture its market share from the Japanese imports. Figure 2. Logo of GM’s Saturn Critical Success Factors Companies should consider whether they need an additional brand to counter competition before launching a flanker brand. An additional brand reduces the investment and attention that a company offers to its existing products. This provides distractions to the company. Spending precious resources on a flanker brand may have detrimental effects on a company. Adjusting the existing brands may help in solving some of the problems that a company faces due to the entry of rivals into the market. Therefore, a company should use a flanker brand a s a last resort. Failure of flanker brands may necessitate a company to implement cost-cutting or re-pricing strategies on its bastion brands. Flanker brands delay the crucial strategic transformations. During this period, the competitors may have already gained a stronghold of the market. Having fewer brands reduces a company’s distractions. Companies should also consider the effects of cannibalisation prior to launching flanker brands. Most companies use flanker brands to capture brand switchers. However, flanker brands also acquire customers from the company’s bastion brands.10 Therefore, it is vital for a company to consider the number of customers of customers that the flanker brand will acquire from the bastion brand before launching it.11 A company should ensure that the flanker brand focuses on the customers. However, companies do not create flanker brands using a process that is similar to that of other products. Companies create flanker brands due to their ow n deficiencies or strengths of the competitors. Therefore, flanker brands do not target the customers. This corrupts the DNA of the flanker brand from its onset. Therefore, it is vital for a company to focus on the needs of customers prior to the launch of flanker brands. This would help in targeting a specific segment of consumers. This would guarantee the ultimate success the flanker brand. A company should consider the profitability of flanker brands prior to their launch. Despite the fact that flanker brands target rivals, they should do so profitably. Having sustainable profits ensures the long-term stability of flanker brands.12 Failure of Saturn is a clear illustration of the importance of ensuring the profitability of flanker brands. GM did not design Saturn to have sustainable profits. Therefore, Saturn’s collapse restored the market dominance of the cheap Japanese imports. This invalidated the efforts of the company. Conclusion The major aim of flanker brands is to overcome competition. However, companies should ensure that flanker brands have sustainable profits. This guarantees the long-term stability of flanker brands. The success of flanker brands may lead to the formation of new market segments. However, there is no guarantee that flanker brands would be successful. Therefore, it is vital for companies to consider various critical success factors prior to launching a flanker brand. This would guarantee the ultimate success of the flanker brands. Intel is one of the companies that have used flanker brands to subdue competitors. Bibliography Aaker, David A. â€Å"Should You Take Your Brand to Where the Action Is.† Harvard Business Review 75, no. 5 (1997):135-143. Buday, Tom. â€Å"Capitalising on brand extensions.† Journal of Consumer Marketing 6, no. 4 (1989): 27-30. James, David. â€Å"Guilty through association: Brand association transfer to brand alliances.† Journal of Consumer Marketing 22, no. 116 (2005): 14-24. K im, Chung K. and Anne M. Lavack. â€Å"Vertical brand extensions: Current research and managerial implications.† Journal of Product Brand Management 5, no. 6 (1996): 24-37. Kim, W. Chan and Renee Mauborgne, â€Å"Blue ocean strategy,† Harvard Business Review 82, no. 10 (2004): 76-84. Lomax, Wendy, Kathy Hammond, Maria Clemente and Robert East. â€Å"New entrants in a mature market: An empirical study of the detergent market.† Journal of Marketing Management 12, no. 4 (1996): 281-295. Miles, Raymond E. and Charles C. Snow. â€Å"Causes for Failure in Network Organizations.† California Management Review 34, no. 1 (1992): 53-72. Porter, Stephen S. and Cindy Claycomb. â€Å"The influence of brand recognition on retail store image.† Journal of Product Brand Management 6, no. 6 (1997): 373-387. Ritson, Mark. â€Å"Should you launch a fighter brand.† Harvard Business Review 87, no. 10 (2009): 86-94. Varadarajan, Rajan, Mark P. DeFanti and Paul S. Busch. â€Å"Brand portfolio, corporate image, and reputation: Managing brand deletions.† Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34, no. 2 (2006): 195-205. Varadarajan, Rajan. â€Å"Fortune at the bottom of the innovation pyramid: The strategic logic of incremental innovations.† Business Horizons 52, no. 1 (2009): 21-29. Volckner, Franziska and Henrik Sattler. â€Å"Drivers of brand extension success.† Journal of Marketing 70, no. 2 (2006):18-34. Footnotes 1 Stephen S. Porter and Cindy Claycomb, â€Å"The influence of brand recognition on retail store image,† Journal of Product Brand Management 6, no. 6 (1997): 374. 2 Franziska Volckner and Henrik Sattler, â€Å"Drivers of brand extension success,† Journal of Marketing 70, no. 2 (2006):18. 3 Rajan Varadarajan, â€Å"Fortune at the bottom of the innovation pyramid: The strategic logic of incremental innovations,† Business Horizons 52, no. 1 (2009): 22. 4 Rajan Varadarajan, Mark P. DeFa nti and Paul S. Busch, â€Å"Brand portfolio, corporate image, and reputation: Managing brand deletions,† Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34, no. 2 (2006): 199. 5 Chung K. Kim and Anne M. Lavack, â€Å"Vertical brand extensions: Current research and managerial implications,† Journal of Product Brand Management 5, no. 6 (1996): 26. 6 David James, â€Å"Guilty through association: Brand association transfer to brand alliances,† Journal of Consumer Marketing 22, no. 116 (2005): 16. 7 David A. Aaker, â€Å"Should You Take Your Brand to Where the Action Is,† Harvard Business Review 75, no. 5 (1997): 136. 8 Raymond E. Miles and Charles C. Snow, â€Å"Causes for Failure in Network Organizations,† California Management Review 34, no. 1 (1992): 61. 9 Mark Ritson, â€Å"Should you launch a fighter brand,† Harvard Business Review 87, no. 10 (2009): 90. 10 Tom Buday, â€Å"Capitalising on brand extensions,† Journal of Consumer Market ing 6, no. 4 (1989): 29. 11Wendy Lomax et al., â€Å"New entrants in a mature market: An empirical study of the detergent market,† Journal of Marketing Management 12, no. 4 (1996): 283. 12 W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, â€Å"Blue ocean strategy,† Harvard business Review 82, no. 10 (2004): 77.

Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership Essay What are the Differences Between Management and Leadership? † Management and leadership are closely related but is not the same thing. They are both necessary and complementary to each other. In the corporate world, there are vastly different jobs that require different skills. There are similarities with the two and you can hardly become a great manager without good leadership capabilities. Being a manger does not always mean that the person has the natural ability to lead. And being a good leader does not always make for the best manager. Leaders can be found in all departments of the workplace. A person can be called a leader if he can successfully influence and encourage colleagues to work toward and objective in which the goal is beneficial to the group. The leader’s job is basically to inspire and motivate. Leadership is an ability that is difficult for some people to learn. However, they may not be able to handle difficult business related issues that a manager might have to handle. A manager is considered a leader by definition of the position. Employees are required to follow this individual as required in their job descriptions. Managers offer stability and confidence in organization. Managers are good at delegating tasks and achieving results, but may not be the first person employees look to for guidance. Management may be described as doing things right, while leadership is doing the right thing. Managers have subordinates, while leaders have followers. Employees may not feel a sense of loyalty to a manager, but will stick with the leader because they have a greater sense of belief in them. Managers who don’t have true leadership skills lack certain qualities that are attractive to followers, such as charisma. Being able to blend the styles of a leader and a manager represents a distinguished skills set. That’s why people with the ability to be leaders and mangers are found at the top of all successful companies. The most successful businesses and teams have strong leaders who know how to motivate employees and managers to the results needed to achieve success. I personally think businesses should carefully review applicants for management positions to make sure they have the abilities to lead as well as manage. If the applicant does not possess all of the qualities needed to be a great manager then perhaps they are not the right person for the job. I would not want a manager who you could not depend on in times of crisis and conflict. http://guides. wsj. com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what -is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership. Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership. (2018, Oct 31).

Board of Governance Principles Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Board of Governance Principles - Case Study Example This is the manner, with which the Board ensures revenue for the shareholders' investments with consistent and regular review of long-term plans, decision-making achievements, and replacements for Board members and executive management personnel. At British Petroleum public limited company, the members of the Board entrust their decision-making management authority to the company's Group Chief Executive led by Tony Hayward, the Group Chief Executive, member of the BP board of directors, head of the BP executive management team, and steered by the Board of Governance Principles. Prior to efficient management, the company's Group Chief Executive Tony Hayward must have understood the business ethics of British Petroleum Plc prior understanding the company business, as theoretically, trade is directly related to ethics. In comparison, a good number of commercial executives recognize article of trade-based type of business ethics. This is well-liked by the communication industry, the courses offered in business schools, colloquiums, and educational prose. But, the other type of business ethics called sense-based has been overlooked by the majority in the industry. These two different types of business ethics are supposedly inseparable duo (Pava, 1999). ... Nonetheless, British Petroleum Plc Group Chief Executive Tony Hayward clearly implements article of trade-based and sense-based types of ethics as an indivisible pair which is clearly invoked in the Board of Governance Principles. "The power and success of business are ultimately dependent on manager's beliefs about life's meanings" (Pava, 1999) Corporate success then that is driven by moral code collectively practiced among managers, employees, and shareholders (Pava, 1999) seamlessly fits into these principles. At the British Petroleum Plc, corporate governance structure style is underpinned by the concept of the approach the company manages the business. First, the Board and the executive management of British Petroleum public limited company led by Peter Sutherland, the Chairman of the chairman's and the nomination committees benchmarked image of prominence as the driver of the primary aspiration of the British Petroleum Plc, together with the idea that the company has built through time market edge and asset for advancements. Second, the company is anchored on the conviction that its existence will assists in crafting better opportunities for the human race. For instance, the company will in some way lend a hand to humanity by providing access to heat, light, and transport. All these are achievable with low cost of ener gy production that is safe for mankind and ecosystem friendly (BP plc, 2009). This is being mindful of the chief responsibility of commerce to civilizations. While the business concerns are those of the material needs of a society of people, the corporate company likewise embraces what is beyond substantial wants and desires. In fact, this is the most significant aspect of the company. It is within this realm that company

Truman's Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Truman's Decision - Essay Example Critics may give many reasons as to why the President’s decision was not right, including humanitarian ones, but a keen examination of what might have happened had Japan not been bombed reveals that the President was right on several accounts. First, the Japanese initiated an attack on the US by attacking the Pearl Harbor. That was despite the fact that the Japanese Government and the US Governments were engaged in diplomatic negotiations. The Japanese also proved to be a vicious enemy who could only agree to submit under serious attack such as the two Bombings. Another argument that greatly supports the attack is the avoidance of deaths and casualties due to the war. Ironically, the two atomic bombs served to save many lives, both American and Japanese, that would have been lost had the war continued. The estimated mortality and casualty rate due to planned land invasions into Japan was high. Many Soldiers and Japanese civilians would have lost their lives in the invasions. However, the bombings ended the war and thus helped avoid further deaths. One may also argue that the President may have made the decision to serve as a deterrent measure. It served to drive fear into the enemy of the US’s military capabilities . The fear generated thus helped to stop them in their tracks as they realized that any further attack on the US would attract an equally or more devastating attack by the

Smog and air pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smog and air pollution - Research Paper Example In the U.S, smog is formed owing to the action of sunlight on different chemicals present in the air that are released by vehicles, oil refineries and factories and because of this activity, the word photochemical smog was coined (Edlin & Golanty 2010). It not only harms the ecosystem, but also destroys the scenic beauty of the country by forming a dirty dense layer of fog above it (Nolen 2009). Air pollution and smog formation results due to many causes and leads to negative effects and thus effective solutions should be formulated to overcome this problem. Smog is very hazardous for the health of the individuals. People living in these areas, suffer from memory loss or a stroke according to one of the publications of The Archives of Internal Medicine. A medical record reviewed by Wellenius who stated that between, 1991 and 2008, about 1,700 patients were admitted at a Medical Center in Boston because they were suffering from a stroke (Pittman 2012). Furthermore, Smog causes severe breathing problems by reducing the oxygen in the air that is from 21% to 16%, and increasing the level of carbon dioxide that makes the brain and body stop functioning. Asthma, bronchitis and cough are some other ailments found in the polluted areas of the United States (Edlin & Golanty 2010). Air Pollution also affects the Earth by making it warm because of the greenhouse gasses (Carbon dioxide, Methane, and chlorofluorocarbons) it consists. Over the years, the government has taken many steps to reduce these gases in the air, Sulfur being one of the major ones as it is the main cause of acid rain (National Geographic 2012). To accomplish and overcome the problems of air pollution commitment to â€Å"science and law† has to be restored (Nolen 2009). Many steps need to be taken for the reduction of air pollution for the betterment of the environment. People should limit their usage of cars, planes and recycle environment friendly products in order to

Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Nursing Practice - Essay Example The learning outcomes associated with this course are crucially linked to the integral understanding of clinical issues and practice. This paper, in turn, shall go a long way in reestablishing the norms that were to be established by the goals for this course. Understand the domain of every prong individually is of vital importance: As was mentioned earlier, knowledge of legal issues to the cause of clinical practice has now become imperative. Though universal laws for humanitarianism and morality remain constant for humans, yet there are certain legal implications that are different for certain countries and even states within countries. It must be understood by a practitioner, that the legal clauses are not a matter of burden, but actually, a facilitating and binding factor that ensures that the provision of health care would be unequivocal and just for all. The current face of health care is largely a product of the advancement made during and after the World Wars. However, despit e the magnitude and quality of work that was done at that time, the obvious constraint due to the war was that a systematic procedure for providing health care cannot be established. Much has changed since then, and the corporate face of the organizations in the changing world has brought about a new shape to the domain of clinical practice. With the inception of concepts like quality and the ISO standards, what the world of today has realized, is that documentation, for any system of work, is not only essential but is a must.

Stakeholder analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stakeholder analysis - Essay Example Other stakeholders who worked together with Cicero were the board chairman, chief auditor, general counsel and the top real estate executives. Another stakeholder at the center of the bribery claims was the company chief executive, Eduardo Castro-Wright. Castro-Wright encouraged payments, whereby he described bribes as payments for some specific purposes, which aimed at enabling the company to build hundreds of new stores. These bribes were being recorded in the accounting records as simple legal fees (Barstow). As a result of the fast growth of the company’s outlets through bribes, Mr. Castro-Wright was promoted to a senior position and even included on the executive committee of the companys inner sanctum. The company CEO Lee Scott, Jr. is among the company’s stakeholders. He is the person who holds the top most position in Wal-Mart Company. Therefore, he was the one to create awareness the public about the bribery claims against the company. Investors or shareholders are other stakeholders of the company since their finances are for development purposes among other tasks. The government of Mexico and that of the United States are other stakeholders since the company operates in their territories. The Government of U.S and Mexico could salvage the firm from bribery claims. They should have influenced and dictated how the business of Wal-Mart was being carried out. Unfortunately, government officials accepted bribes so as to pave way for some business malpractices to be operated in their territory at the expense of other stakeholders and the general public at large. Therefore, government officials would have taken urgent steps in order to prevent the growth of business malpractices in the business fraternity of the two countries. The company CEO, H. Lee Scott Junior is another stakeholder and the company official who was very

Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Information Management - Essay Example Furthermore, the INSPIRE methodology is used to implement changes in a range of situations. This paper presents a detailed analysis of INSPIRE methodology. This research will offer a comprehensive overview of different aspects of this new emerging paradigm and its implication for the business enhancements and re-organization. Innovation System for Performance Improvement and Reorganization methodology has been developed in a broader way. This methodology facilitates in implementing and driving changes to facilitate managers to concurrently harness innovation, as well as to manage the business transformation procedure. In addition, it is useful in team building process. INSPIRE offers structures and metrics to facilitate, control, and monitor the transformation process. Additionally, the INSPIRE methodology is most helpful in process of organizational change. Despite the fact that, INSPIRE is intended for business change circumstances, it does not misplace view of the precise detail that is frequently necessary to make organization change happen efficiently. In addition, the INSPIRE methodology encompasses a lot of business aspects in case of business change like that resistance, politics, skills, knowledge, features of the marketplaces as well as economic context of a given user business. Since, these fe atures are necessary to formulate effectual organizational transformation. For the reason that INSPIRE is so influential, that it forces its clients as well as users to build up extremely accurate thinking regarding such details, with regard to enhance the influence of subsequent interference actions all through the procedure of carrying out organizational change (Kawalek, 2009). This research is based on the detailed analysis of Innovation System for Performance Improvement and Reorganization (INSPIRE) methodology. This research will concentrate on the implementation of the INSPIRE

Stakeholder analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stakeholder analysis - Essay Example Other stakeholders who worked together with Cicero were the board chairman, chief auditor, general counsel and the top real estate executives. Another stakeholder at the center of the bribery claims was the company chief executive, Eduardo Castro-Wright. Castro-Wright encouraged payments, whereby he described bribes as payments for some specific purposes, which aimed at enabling the company to build hundreds of new stores. These bribes were being recorded in the accounting records as simple legal fees (Barstow). As a result of the fast growth of the company’s outlets through bribes, Mr. Castro-Wright was promoted to a senior position and even included on the executive committee of the companys inner sanctum. The company CEO Lee Scott, Jr. is among the company’s stakeholders. He is the person who holds the top most position in Wal-Mart Company. Therefore, he was the one to create awareness the public about the bribery claims against the company. Investors or shareholders are other stakeholders of the company since their finances are for development purposes among other tasks. The government of Mexico and that of the United States are other stakeholders since the company operates in their territories. The Government of U.S and Mexico could salvage the firm from bribery claims. They should have influenced and dictated how the business of Wal-Mart was being carried out. Unfortunately, government officials accepted bribes so as to pave way for some business malpractices to be operated in their territory at the expense of other stakeholders and the general public at large. Therefore, government officials would have taken urgent steps in order to prevent the growth of business malpractices in the business fraternity of the two countries. The company CEO, H. Lee Scott Junior is another stakeholder and the company official who was very

Bio psycho social Essay Example for Free

Bio psycho social Essay I met with Louis Sutter on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Daniel is a twenty two year old Jewish white male. He currently resides at 123 Apple Road, Columbia, SC, 29205. He is currently studying full time at USC-Columbia and unemployed. He is not married, but in a two year relationship with his girlfriend, Taylor. He was referred to me from the counseling center at USC-Columbia. He was sent to me for anxiety and stress management. Source of Data I received documents from USC- Columbia’s counseling Center, and health records from his primary doctor. I had consent from the client as well as his counselor and his primary physician. The client followed counselor’s advice and made an appointment with me voluntarily. Description and development of presenting problem Louis is currently in counseling where his counselor suggested he specifically seek stress and anxiety management. He is a full time student who is struggling to balance the demands of college and time management which has recently triggered a significant amount of stress and anxiety. My client sought my assistance after struggling to complete assignments on their due dates. Family History Louis currently resides in Columbia but is originally from Greenville, South Carolina. In Columbia, he lives with two roommates. Their names are Brandon and Jeffery. They are both Jewish white male students in their twenties. Louis and his roommates take part in a Jewish fraternity. Louis is the second child to Jane and Rueben Sutter. His parents are middle aged. He has an older sister named Jori who is twenty seven. Louis is very close to his  mother, Jane. Louis is also close to his maternal grandfather. He does not interact that much with his paternal family. Client History Louis was born on March 20, 1991. He graduated high school in 2009. He enrolled in college and plans to graduate May 2014. In 2007 he reports that he struggled with the academic demands of high school. In that same year, documents note that Louis was tested for learning disabilities and psychological disorders. His physician and psychiatrist suggested medication and therapy. See attached document for specific past medications. After some trial and error, my client is currently taking Pristiq and Adavan. My client and medical records show that he takes 80mg Pristiq daily and 50mg Adavan when needed. My client says he is satisfied with his meds and the dosages. He also informed me that his mother and sister suffer from anxiety and depression. My client suggests a healthy intimate relationship because he has been dating the same girl for two years and is content. He has no criminal record or legal issues which were verified with a background check. He mentioned that he has never had an issue with drugs or alcohol. Current Situation Despite the anxiety and stress, Louis appears to be a positive, healthy and happy person. He takes part in a Jewish college fraternity, has a good support system, takes part in some Jewish traditions as well as participates in activities related to his major. He seems enthusiastic about classes, just struggles to meet deadlines, procrastinates as well as feels nervous when doing assignments. He wants to complete assignments confidently but says he is always second guesses himself. My client is a full time student who does not work during when classes are in session. He states that his parents financially support him as well as his saving from working in the summers. He says with his savings and parents help, he is able to pay for food, rent and bills. He has his own transportation and is able to get around town, to classes, internship and social events. He says he is more of a cultural Jew than a religious Jew. Assessment Strengths Problem List Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, and Termination Self- Assessment

Advantages Of Autonomous Vehicles

Advantages Of Autonomous Vehicles Autonomous cars, or cars that run without a human driver, have been in development for over the past few decades, starting from the late 70s and extending towards the present date and even beyond. During the early stages, the autonomous vehicles were slow in speed and even in reaction time. Nowadays, with technological advancement, coupled with better research knowledge and funding towards further development, product improvement has clearly been observed. From the early days of mechanical feedback systems to modern software incorporation, numerous improvements have been made. 2. Advantages of Autonomous Vehicles Finding from the World health Organization (WHO) several years ago regarding automobile accidents: Accidents expenditure in the United States reached $230 billion; with over $30 billion going into health care. Such will only increase, because the road accidents are expected to be the third largest killer worldwide by 2020. There are two possible approaches to make cars safer. Systems can be implemented to make a car accident less lethal or to prevent accidents. Also, from an energy and efficiency point of view, in general, people are not able to drive the best as well. Having computers to do the driving is going to save energy significantly. However, since vehicles are networked and with traffic flow synchronized, it is an apples-to-orange comparison. Autonomous cars wont have to tackle congestion and stop-and-go traffic, as is present today. Road travel will speed up, more predictability, and passengers will have ample space to focus on other things while travelling. The vehicles will be a lot less heavy. There will be a reduced need for designs to deal with impacts, as the heavy vehicles of today are driven by error prone humans, nor a need to be equipped with protection instruments to protect drivers (e.g. crumple zones, airbags, or even seatbelts). Further advantages of driverless vehicles, aside from the significant safety and energy benefits that would be presented with their use, will be an increase in transportation access. Aged, restricted mobility, poor, and even the language illiterate individuals can safely travel. It will be like having a chauffeur at all times. 3. Integrating technology to make an autonomous vehicle For vehicles to be made autonomous will require advanced sensors and actuators to coordinate hand in hand. Definition of sensor and actuator Sensor A device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it Actuator An actuator is a mechanism responsible for the movement or control of a machine, apparatus or system. It utilizes energy, commonly transported by air, electrical current, or fluid, and translates that into a type of motion. 3.1. Sensors in an autonomous car In an autonomous vehicle, apart from speed sensors, sensors are used for lane position tracking as well as front obstruction detection. This comes in the form of radars. If lane positioning or safety distance is not within safety parameters, the sensor will send signals to the microcontroller. From there, the microcontroller will coordinate the various actuators such as throttle, steering and brakes to enable the vehicle to stay within the parameter. Various sensors used in the mobilization operation of autonomous cars includes a radar reflective stripe system with a vision based system for lane location sensing, a radar system and a scanning laser range finding system for the detection of obstacles ahead of the autonomous car, and various assisting sensors including off-centre looking radars and one angular rate gyroscope. Figure 1 shows a sketch of an autonomous car with the various sensors, actuators and operating devices. 3.2. Actuators in an autonomous car Brake Actuators Coordinate car speed with the sensors and/or users pre-input. Used for slowing down the car when there is a need to. Steering Actuator The steering actuator is a motor controlled by the car in-built microprocessor. The microcontroller takes in signals from the various sensors to steer the car which is done by directing the motor for controlling the angle of the wheels. Throttle Actuators Used for controlling the output of the cars engine based on the sensor or users pre-input. This will increase and reduce the speed of the vehicle as well as maintain. 3.3. Current technologies, design and construction concept used to realize various sensors and actuators in an autonomous vehicle 3.3.1. Electronic Scanning Radar Electronic Scanning Radar is an inexpensive effective object-detection system that utilizes electromagnetic waves, specifically radio waves, to determine the range, direction, or speed of both mobilized and stationary objects. Radio waves or microwaves transition from the radar sensor bounces off any object in their path. The object will then return a tiny portion of the waves energy to the antenna which is normally located at the same spot as the transmitter. Radar technology has the ability to measure positions and speed vectors of multiple targets at the same time, with precise accuracy, within a short time frame. Detection and tracking algorithms are normally given in a one-box-design and some manufacturers allow space for vehicle/customer/application specific code in the radar systems. The ESR enables a wide coverage at mid-range and high-resolution long range using stand-alone radar. Wide and mid-range coverage not only enables vehicles cutting in from adjacent lanes to be detected, but also determines vehicles and pedestrians along the width of the vehicle. Long-range coverage gives accurate range and speed data, with great object discrimination that can identify as much as 64 targets in the vehicles path. The ESR also allows powerful functionality which includes the following: -adaptive cruise control -forward collision warning -brake support -headway alert 3.3.2. Brake actuator One method of braking widely used by autonomous vehicles, although also widely used in contemporary vehicles, is the disc braking system. The main components of disc brakes comprise the following: Brake pads Caliper containing a piston Rotor that is mounted to the hub The disc brake is quite similar to the brakes on a bicycle. Bicycle brakes use a caliper, which forces the brake pads against the wheel. In a disc brake, the pads forces on the rotor instead of the wheel, and with the force being transmitted hydraulically instead of a cable. Friction between each pad and the disc slows the vehicle down. A moving car contains kinetic energy and by stopping the car, the brakes are actually removing this energy. The brakes do this by converting the kinetic energy into that of heat. Therefore, in most cars, ventilation is provided for the brakes. 3.3.3. Adaptive Cruise Control Adaptive cruise control utilizes forward-looking radar with its installation located at the back of the grill of a vehicle, to identify the speed and distance of the vehicle in front of it. Adaptive cruise control is of the same principal as conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicle pre-set speed. However, unlike the contemporary cruise control, this implementation can automatically adjust the speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles along the same lane. This is performed through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor as well as a longitudinal controller. If the front vehicle slows down, or should another object get detected, the system will send a signal to the engine or braking system to slow down. Subsequently, when the road gets cleared, the system will increase the vehicle speed back to the set value. Cruise control is an example of a closed-loop control system Closed and Open Loop Explained In a closed-loop configuration, a feedback component is being sent together with the input. The difference in the input and feedback signals is sent to the controller. In response to the difference, the controller acts on the process forcing the output to change in a direction that will cause reduction in the difference of the input signal and the feedback component. A closed-loop system has the ability to regulate itself in the midst of disturbances or variations in its own characteristics. Hence, a closed-loop system has an advantage over that of an open-loop Likewise, a cruise control has an input signal of a desired velocity. This goes through any number of amplifiers in the mode of transfer functions and gains, and then, outputs a signal which the motor utilizes to modify its power. Disturbances in the system may include wind speed, bumps on the road, etc. When these obstacles affect the speed of the car, data passes through from the end of the control system in the form of velocity data to the beginning, where it makes appropriate changes to the input signals so it can then properly adjust the speed of the car. Closed loop control systems has its output compared with the desired parameter settings and the process is varied in order for the output to satisfy the requirement. The accelerator of a conventional man-driven vehicle, on the other hand, is an example for an open-loop control. This is a simple link between the gas pedal and the car engine. When stepped on, the engine propels the car, and this does not stop until you remove the input signal (Pedal stepped on with continued pressure). Should there be obstacles along the way, this will affect the speed of the vehicle so long as pedal is being stepped on to a certain particular extend. Open-loop systems provides an output according to the desired set point irrespective to the changes that occur due to certain disturbances in the process. An open-loop control system is influenced directly, and only, by an input signal, without the beneficial use of a feedback. 3.3.4. Oxygen Sensor A vehicle oxygen sensor, also known as a lambda sensor, is a small sensor installed into the exhaust system of a petrol engine for the measurement of the oxygen concentration that remains in the exhaust gas to enable an electronic control unit (ECU) to control the efficiency of the engine combustion process. In majority of all modern automobiles, including autonomous ones, these sensors are installed at the engines exhaust manifold to identify whether the mixture of air together with gasoline going into the engine is rich or lean. That means too much or too little fuel respectively. 3.3.5. CAN-bus CAN Bus is a multiplexed wiring system commonly utilized in the connection of intelligent devices such as Electronic Control Units (ECU) on vehicles, allowing data to be transferred in reliable manner at a lower cost. This also reduces the need for massive amounts of cables In a vehicle. CAN stands for Controller Area Network and it was development was by Bosch, in 1980. Majority of new vehicles utilizes this system and it is becoming more difficult to install after-market products without the use of a CAN Bus Interface. CAN bus is commonly used in autonomous vehicles. 4. Capabilities and Potentials as well as the limitation for the various telematic devices in an autonomous vehicle 4.1. Disc Brakes Today, in almost all automobiles, both conventional and autonomous, disc brakes are the most found .They are better at stopping vehicles than many other type of brakes; which is why they are still in existence since 1902. High speed vehicles need better brakes to slow them down, so most probably a disc brake would be installed. Limitation Heat retention is a common problem with disc brakes. Unfortunately, this causes brake fade. It is where the brake components have absorbed all the heat they can possibly withstand. This means they are unable to absorb more energy and thus, will not be able to slow the car further. 4.2. Cruise Control It is definitely better to be in an autonomous vehicle. This makes life for the user easier as he do not need to drive. Also, with humans in control of the vehicle, a higher tendency of error occurs. In autonomous vehicles, one of the components that make the technology possible is the cruise control. The cruise control aids in automatically controlling the speed as well as maintaining a safe distance from the car in front. This makes travelling safer. Limitation The cruise control of todays autonomous vehicles can only track the car ahead of the equipped vehicle. This means safety is only taken in reference from the front, and not from the back. In the later part of this report, we will look into the intelligent cruise control. 4.3. Radar Sensor Radar aids in making a vehicle autonomous. Current technology enables radar to accurately detect at greater distances, identify up to 64 targets and can be integrated to an autonomous vehicle to assist in many various operations such as cruise control, braking, collision warning and headway alert. Limitation: Current implementations do not permit collision avoidance when environment is obscured with smokes and dust. 4.4. CAN-bus With the huge reduction in wiring, this leads to the following:- (i) Vast reduction in production cost; which also leads to lower retail cost. (ii) Lighter weight for vehicle, thus leading to improved fuel consumption. (b) Reduced number of interconnections, which leads to improved reliability. Limitations Installation is relatively costly, and the requirement for specialised knowledge is needed for maintenance and repair of the vehicle. 5. Continued improvements for Sensors and Actuators in autonomous vehicles The first segment in this section discusses about the improvement in intelligence provided in a sensor over the years and how it has brought about major improvements. Second section will talk about the future sensors and actuators development in autonomous vehicles. 5.1.1. Increased level of intelligence provided in sensors has and explanation to why enhancing the intelligence of a typical sensor may encourage improved performance. This section discusses the details and describes the evolution of a critical sensor in the implementation of a safety critical active controller in passenger cars called ABS (Antilock Brake System). ABS works on the principle of optimizing the wheels slips (for maximizing the brake force) in the car during the event of braking. Wheel slips are defined as below: The critical task in controlling the braking wheels of the car boils down to evaluating the speed of the vehicle and hence estimating the deceleration desired and actually achieved. The difference of which triggers the actual hydraulic pressure build up in each wheel. The complex task of vehicle velocity estimation is done through using wheel speed sensors in each wheel of the car as shown below: Until the advent of active wheel speed sensors recently, global automotive industry was using the passive wheel speed sensors for calculating the wheel speeds. 5.1.1.1. Passive Sensors Passive sensors operate with a steel tone ring application. These variable reluctance sensors are used to measure speed/position of the vehicles tone ring. As the magnetic flux through the coil of the sensor is changed, so does the resulting voltage which is then measured and used to calculate wheel speed. This technology is considered outdated and is typically bypassed for active intelligent sensors. 5.1.1.2. Active Sensors (Intelligent) Standard active wheel speed sensors operate on the Hall Effect. They are able to be used with a magnetic encoder or steel tone ring application. As the magnetic flux changes (created by an internal magnet or the magnetic encoder), the hall sensor creates an output current which can be measured and converted into wheel speed. Standard WSS only measure wheel speed and do not have any additional signals for vehicle operation. A Hall element (square shaped semiconductor layer) is supplied by a permanent current (I const). Applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow the electrons are deflected due to the Lorenz force. This deflection can be measured as Hall voltage, which is perpendicular to the magnetic field (B) and the current flow (I const). The Hall voltage (V Hall) is directly proportional to the external magnetic field. The magnetic field is established either by a magnetic encoder or internal sensor magnet. These active sensors offer benefits when compared to passive sensors. The dominant factors that took the stride towards active intelligent wheel speed sensors were: Weight reduction. Size reduction. Reduction in Cost but improvement in performance. Low speed detection benefits. Passive sensors had the hurdle of building enough reluctance at low vehicle speeds but with active sensors wheel speeds can be detected with changing magnetic fields at as low as ~0.1 m/sec. Direction detection. With developing ASICs and also the magnetic encoders thereby made wheel speed sensors smarter and hence has led to the advantage of vehicle motion direction detection in the sensors. It effectively has offloaded the software task of direction detection by many folds. With detection possible at such low vehicle speeds a new development of Hill Hold Controllers was triggered in the industry. 5.1.2. Intelligent sensor and the mechanism for transferring the measurement to a central data logger or processor. Example is explained in the above question. The mechanism for transferring the measurement to a processor in this case it is ABS controller is here: CAN Bus ABS Controller Pressure application on each wheel Hydraulic controller With reference to the diagram above: The data or pulses/signals from the wheel speed sensors are collected in the special ASICs designed for this purpose from there a SPI bus architecture is used to transfer it to the software layer (HSW box above). Filtering and certain algorithms regarding determination of data usability are made in the stat machine of the software layer. Usable and filtered data is further passed down to the ABS controller through the CAN bus. ABS determines the pressure targets for each wheel and hydraulic controller applies the set targets on the individual wheels for attaining the desired stopping distance of the car. 5.2 Future Development for Sensors and Actuators in autonomous vehicles 5.2.1. Brakes In the future, the hydraulic line may not ever again be needed in an automobiles braking system. In fact, in a recent study performed by Frost Sullivan, it is predicted that, after the year 2010, the automobile industry will begin to replace hydraulic-braking systems with that of brake-by-wire. The utilization of the brake-by-wire technologies like the electro-mechanical braking system and the electronic-wedge brake is predicted to be the norm for future vehicles. This method of braking uses electronic signals instead of mechanical to achieve braking power. The electro mechanical barking system or EMB will not require hydraulic lines due to the activation of the brake being done within the wheel assembly itself. Instead of utilizing calipers, this system uses a wheel brake module. The module comprises of disc brakes and an electric motor which will be the one that activates the brakes during activation. As it is, this method of braking is known as brake-by-wire. Certain automobile companies have almost already fully implemented this system into their automobiles, namely Toyota and Mercedes. However, a full brake-by-wire system has yet to come out and will only be out in the near future. 5.2.2 Radar Future implementations will be the autonomous vehicle navigation and obstacle detection sensor radar. This device, currently being tested, will assist in reducing the quantity of separated components that is required to satisfy the needs of an autonomous vehicle. The navigation and obstacle detection can be done with just one component device. If being mounted on a suitable spot on a vehicle, this all-rounder obstacles detection and navigation radar will eliminate the need for multiple contemporary radars. This will reduce the weight of the vehicle and thus, saving on fuel cost. Furthermore, future implementations will enable obstacle avoidance and prevent collision even when environment is obscured with smokes and dust. 5.2.3. Intelligent Cruise Control In cars nowadays and in autonomous vehicles, the cruise control will only strive to maintain a safe distance from the front car. Unfortunately, this does not include the back car. With this new implementation, the spacing from the back vehicle will also be taken into consideration, together with the spacing from the front vehicle. This system also works and serves especially well when lane switching is being performed. This is due to the inadequate gap tendency between the front and back vehicle. 6. Conclusion The earlier sections in this report has aimed to bring about the ideas of current technology implementations of an autonomous vehicle. As demonstrated, there are still flaws within the system. However, with the intelligence of sensors increasing constantly, it is almost sure that many of the problems faced by autonomous vehicle manufacturers will be solved in the near future.

Irony in Ballards Chronopolis :: Ballard Chronopolis Essays

Irony in J. G. Ballard's Chronopolis J. G. Ballard gives us a good idea of the irony in 'Chronopolis' from the very beginning - the actual name 'Chronopolis' - city of time - is an ironic name for a city that has no time Throughout the story Ballard's view of time acts as a focus to the story, around which the plot revolves. The central point of the story is a world without time, without which the story would have no point - none of it would have happened, and it would be just like our world. The impression of time we are given at the beginning of the story is an ironic one, because it seems that time is important, but not really understood; we are told that Newman is in prison for understanding time - yet while he is in prison he controls the situation because of his knowledge of time, and organises the events of the day for Brocken (the block sergeant); 'Brocken... relied on Newman to programme the day for him'. The fact that Newman is 'serving time' for being obsessed with time is the first instance of irony through language that we are given in Chronopolis. This again brings our attention to the irony of Ballard's view of time, and provokes the reader to look more deeply into the text, thus discovering more about the way time works in the world of Chronopolis. At this point we do not learn any more about what happens to Newman, but instead the story has a flashback to when he was a child, and became interested in time. In this way the story is anachronistic - it is not in chronological order, and instead it switches between different points in time. This brings our attention to the way time works in 'Chronopolis'. Due to the fact that they have no time, their world is muddled up, and thinks have no real order - and this is reflected in the way Ballard writes the story. We are then told the story of Newman's childhood, and the way he slowly discovers time and gains an interest in it. Next we are told by Stacey (Newman's English teacher) why time is against the law: 'You can time [someone], know exactly how long it takes him to do something... then you can make him do it faster.

Cultural Diversity in the Armenian Community Essays -- essays research

Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cultural context for the Armenian person is the result of upholding and defending a way of life and values that have been maintained for centuries, for perhaps two thousand years. For that reason, although Armenians living in the United States today come from a variety of countries of origin, and may to some extent speak different dialects or even different languages, yet they have many cultural similarities due to centuries of commonality. The cultural similarities among the Armenians can be seen mainly in three different areas: Spirituality, historicity, and family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spirituality refers to the perspective of that which is valued in life, and that which must to be upheld and defended under any and all circumstances, regardless of the social environment and surrounding conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historicity refers to that which has been traditionally done, the ‘Armenian way of life,’ – both that which is important and perhaps not as important. Whereas spirituality may refer more to ‘content,’ the important values in life, historicity refers more to the living ‘process,’ how the important values in life are attained.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Family on the other hand is the everyday living environment within which spirituality and historicity are applied and lived out. ‘Family’ in the Armenian community refers to more than the family of origin or the nuclear family. Instead, it includes both of these along with all of the extended family and even the small surrounding community. These family ties are much more important and influential in the decision making process than would initially appear, therefore, they must be acknowledged and understood. All Armenians may not uphold the same spirituality, historicity, and family values, however, they would still approach life’s decisions based on these cultural categories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Armenians living in the United States, especially those who live in large communities tend to discover opposing trends between the culture in which they were brought up, and those of the dominant culture in which they have to live, work, interface, and survive. Working at the Berjikian Law Firm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vicken Berjikian established the Berjikian law firm in 1983, as a criminal defense and personal injury firm. In the past 17 years the Berjikian Law firm has grown to become established and well known in the Armenian community. The... ...h out and help persons and families. All these lead to better and higher quality, as well as more timely services to clients, and a sense of satisfaction for both the client and the professional.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship between the Armenian client and the legal professional is a complex one. It is full of issues that go beyond giving them legal advice or filing a law suit on their behalf, it includes issues relating to a person’s cultural context. In fact, generally the actual legal issues sometimes become secondary, or at least not as central in the person’s priorities. At the beginning, such a relationship can cause great frustration and waste of time in the legal professional’s attempt to provide the appropriate service. Eventually, these communication issues can cause delays in providing professional service, and lead to extra unnecessary legal expenses. The correct understanding of a client’s cultural situation by the legal professional can lead to a higher quality of service, and lower costs. As difficult and complicated as this situation may sound, it is still not impossible. In fact, most experienced professionals learn over th e years to relate to the Armenian culture.